Certified Lactation Counselor Questions and
Answers 2026/2027 Sure Pass
Predominant Breastfeeding Babies who receive breastmilk and
other liquids (e.g. water, minerals,
vitamins, oral meds).
Breastfeeding Baby receives human milk, as well
as other foods or fluids, including
formula.
Process starts when BM alone or
infant formula alone is no longer
Complementary Feeding sufficient to meet nutritional
requirements of infants, therefore
other foods or liquids are
introduced. Typically child is
between 6-23 months
3 strategies for increasing BF
Promotion, Protection, Support
initiation and duration
Focuses on advantages of BF on a
Promotion personal, community, country, or
global level. BF to the community.
Focuses on government,
manufacturer, and social
Protection responsibility to assure BF ability to
compete with commercial interests.
Includes state, local, an national laws
regarding BF.
International Code of Marketing of Addresses improper marketing
Breast-milk Subsitutes practices by formula companies. It
is not currently a law in the US.
Distributing free
What does the International Code formula Giving
Prohibit? coupons for formula
,What did the AAP resolution state in No distributing formula, discharge
regards to the International Code? bags, industry written handouts.
Support Focuses on interaction of helpers
with family, as well as program
development and implementation.
10 steps to successful BF 1. Written
BF policy. Skin to Skin
immediately after birth.
2. Train healthcare staff
3. Inform pregnant women about
benefits and management of BF
4. Help all mothers initiate BF
within 1 hour after birth
5. Show mother's how to BF and
maintain lactation
6. Exclusive breast milk only
7. Practice rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage BF on demand
9. No artificial teats or pacifiers
10. Establishment of BF support
groups
1. Training
Healthcare staff responsibility for
2. Minimum of 20 hours of training
working with lactating mothers
include what? 3. 3 hours of competency verification
1. Medical condition
What are the indications for providing
2. Parents request after being
supplementation other than breast
milk? informed of consequences
Baby's weight x 2.5 (2.7 or 3.0 if
Protocol for calculating Baby's daily Baby needs to catch up weight) =
needs daily ounces. PCP decides what the
multiplier is!!!
, Hydration (elimination
What should be assessed 3-5 days patterns) Body weight (no
after birth by PCP? more than 7% loss)
Observe Feeding
Maternal or infant issues
Nationally recognized designation
What is a CLC? awarded by the ALPP. Practice
parameters are designated by
professional scope of practice.
How many stools per day should a 4, some yellow by day 4.
breast fed newborn have?
When should a baby be back to birth 12-14 days post birth
weight?
How much weight should a baby gain Approximately 1 ounce
daily?
1. Lack
of preparation for what the
Why do women supplement with newborn period would be like.
formula when there is no medical
2. Lack of timely interventions
need?
Alveoli Small glands in the breast that
produce milk
, a device that allows a supplement to be given
At-Breast Supplementer while a baby is actively nursing at the breast,
ex: Supplement Nursing System
hypersensitive or allergic state involving an
Atopy
inherited predisposition
Initiative by UNICEF and WHO (1991) to support
breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity centers. "The
What is the BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Steps".
10
Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available onl
http://www.unicef.org/programme/breastfeeding/bab
ine
an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by y.
Bilirubin
the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile.
ht
Hormone that regulates the emptying of the
CCK (cholecystokinin) gallbladder and secretion of enzymes by the
pancreas.
Thick, milky fluid secreted by the breast during
pregnancy and during the first days after birth
Colostrum
before lactation begins. Causes a laxative effect
which helps the baby pass meconium.
Coryllos type Classification system for anklyloglossia (tongue-tie)
Technique used to support Baby's chin and
Dancer Hand Position mother's breast. Use Thumb and index finger
under chin, remaining 3 fingers to support breast.
found in the walls of the alveoli, simple squamous
Alveolar Cells
epithelial cells, main sites of gas exchange
contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic
myoepithelial cells
nervous system and squeeze milk up the duct
Bumps on breasts (Look like goosebumps)
Montgomery glands Produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin
oil)
-Fat is mixed throughout the breast
-Uneven spacing of the ducts
Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals
what? -3-5 functioning nipple pores (May have 5-9, but
not all work)
-No lactiferous sinus
Answers 2026/2027 Sure Pass
Predominant Breastfeeding Babies who receive breastmilk and
other liquids (e.g. water, minerals,
vitamins, oral meds).
Breastfeeding Baby receives human milk, as well
as other foods or fluids, including
formula.
Process starts when BM alone or
infant formula alone is no longer
Complementary Feeding sufficient to meet nutritional
requirements of infants, therefore
other foods or liquids are
introduced. Typically child is
between 6-23 months
3 strategies for increasing BF
Promotion, Protection, Support
initiation and duration
Focuses on advantages of BF on a
Promotion personal, community, country, or
global level. BF to the community.
Focuses on government,
manufacturer, and social
Protection responsibility to assure BF ability to
compete with commercial interests.
Includes state, local, an national laws
regarding BF.
International Code of Marketing of Addresses improper marketing
Breast-milk Subsitutes practices by formula companies. It
is not currently a law in the US.
Distributing free
What does the International Code formula Giving
Prohibit? coupons for formula
,What did the AAP resolution state in No distributing formula, discharge
regards to the International Code? bags, industry written handouts.
Support Focuses on interaction of helpers
with family, as well as program
development and implementation.
10 steps to successful BF 1. Written
BF policy. Skin to Skin
immediately after birth.
2. Train healthcare staff
3. Inform pregnant women about
benefits and management of BF
4. Help all mothers initiate BF
within 1 hour after birth
5. Show mother's how to BF and
maintain lactation
6. Exclusive breast milk only
7. Practice rooming in 24 hours a day
8. Encourage BF on demand
9. No artificial teats or pacifiers
10. Establishment of BF support
groups
1. Training
Healthcare staff responsibility for
2. Minimum of 20 hours of training
working with lactating mothers
include what? 3. 3 hours of competency verification
1. Medical condition
What are the indications for providing
2. Parents request after being
supplementation other than breast
milk? informed of consequences
Baby's weight x 2.5 (2.7 or 3.0 if
Protocol for calculating Baby's daily Baby needs to catch up weight) =
needs daily ounces. PCP decides what the
multiplier is!!!
, Hydration (elimination
What should be assessed 3-5 days patterns) Body weight (no
after birth by PCP? more than 7% loss)
Observe Feeding
Maternal or infant issues
Nationally recognized designation
What is a CLC? awarded by the ALPP. Practice
parameters are designated by
professional scope of practice.
How many stools per day should a 4, some yellow by day 4.
breast fed newborn have?
When should a baby be back to birth 12-14 days post birth
weight?
How much weight should a baby gain Approximately 1 ounce
daily?
1. Lack
of preparation for what the
Why do women supplement with newborn period would be like.
formula when there is no medical
2. Lack of timely interventions
need?
Alveoli Small glands in the breast that
produce milk
, a device that allows a supplement to be given
At-Breast Supplementer while a baby is actively nursing at the breast,
ex: Supplement Nursing System
hypersensitive or allergic state involving an
Atopy
inherited predisposition
Initiative by UNICEF and WHO (1991) to support
breastfeeding in hospitals and maternity centers. "The
What is the BFHI Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Steps".
10
Unicef. Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative. Available onl
http://www.unicef.org/programme/breastfeeding/bab
ine
an orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by y.
Bilirubin
the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted in bile.
ht
Hormone that regulates the emptying of the
CCK (cholecystokinin) gallbladder and secretion of enzymes by the
pancreas.
Thick, milky fluid secreted by the breast during
pregnancy and during the first days after birth
Colostrum
before lactation begins. Causes a laxative effect
which helps the baby pass meconium.
Coryllos type Classification system for anklyloglossia (tongue-tie)
Technique used to support Baby's chin and
Dancer Hand Position mother's breast. Use Thumb and index finger
under chin, remaining 3 fingers to support breast.
found in the walls of the alveoli, simple squamous
Alveolar Cells
epithelial cells, main sites of gas exchange
contract in response to stimulation by sympathetic
myoepithelial cells
nervous system and squeeze milk up the duct
Bumps on breasts (Look like goosebumps)
Montgomery glands Produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin
oil)
-Fat is mixed throughout the breast
-Uneven spacing of the ducts
Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals
what? -3-5 functioning nipple pores (May have 5-9, but
not all work)
-No lactiferous sinus
