TAMU Biology Lab practical review
✅✅
components of a biochemical molecule, identifies the type of biomolecule -
-functional group
a functional group found in alcohols and sugars, polar, OH - ✅✅-hydroxyl
group
found in carbohydrates, two types
✅✅-carbonyl group
terminal aldehyde and an internal ketone
one or the other on every monosaccharide -
found in fatty acids and amino acids, acidic, double bond between carbon
✅✅
and oxygen and a single bond between carbon to hydroxyl, CO2H or
COOH - -carboxyl
In every amino acid, given away by nitrogen NH2 - ✅✅-Amino group
✅✅
a giant molecule made up of other smaller molecules usually made by a
condensation reaction - -Macromolecule
✅✅-monomer
a single sub unit, the building block of a polymmer -
a long molecule made up of two or more monomers - ✅✅-polymer
✅✅
also known as condensation, links monomers to polymers, connected by
removal of water - -dehydration synthesis
covalent bonds connect monomers into polymers - ✅✅-hydrolisis
a macromolecule who's major functions include carbon supply, structural
✅✅
components, fuel (glucose) and storage of glucose (polysaccharides) -
-carbohydrates
✅✅
simple sugars, trioses or pentoses with 5 or 5 carbon atoms, have the
functional groups aldose and ketose - -monosaccharides
consists of two monosaccharides - ✅✅-disaccharides
✅✅
chains of linked monosaccharides, three or more, includes starch, glycogen
and cellulose - -polysaccharides
✅✅
a polysaccharide that is stored food in plants and is composed of amylose
and amylopectin - -starch
stored food animals, is a polysaccharide - ✅✅-glycogen
, a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants - ✅✅-cellulose
✅✅
contains a free aldehyde or ketone group, includes all monosaccharides
and disaccharides with a free aldehyde or ketone - -reducing sugars
tests for the presence of a reducing sugar - ✅✅-benedict's test
a positive test result for benedicts test - ✅✅-any color change
when the carbonyl group is within the structure - ✅✅-ketone
when the carbonyl group is on either end of the molecule - ✅✅-aldehyde
a solution that tests for starcg - ✅✅-lugol's solution
positive lugol's result is - ✅✅-purple color
a non polar macromolecule that includes triglycerides, steroids and
✅✅
phospholipids, major functions include energy storage, membrane material
and insulation - -Lipids
a lipid with all bonds between carbon and hydrogen being single bonds.
✅✅
and no double bonds, straight chains solid at room temperature -
-saturated lipid
✅✅
some carbon carbon bonds are double bonded, chain is somewhat bent,
liquid at room temperature - -unsaturated lipids
glycerol, 3 fatty acids - ✅✅-triglyceride
✅✅
the lipid that makes up membrane, built of glycerol, phosphate group and 2
fatty acids - -phospholipids
4 interconnected rings, cholesterol, hormones, bile - ✅✅-sterols
✅✅
a test that looks at the solubility of lipids and uses iodine staining -
-lipid chromatography
✅✅
tests that dye lipids so you can determine their presence, -
-emulsification and sudan IV
a positive sudan IV/ emulsification test - ✅✅-cloudy emulsion with red
droplets
✅✅
components of a biochemical molecule, identifies the type of biomolecule -
-functional group
a functional group found in alcohols and sugars, polar, OH - ✅✅-hydroxyl
group
found in carbohydrates, two types
✅✅-carbonyl group
terminal aldehyde and an internal ketone
one or the other on every monosaccharide -
found in fatty acids and amino acids, acidic, double bond between carbon
✅✅
and oxygen and a single bond between carbon to hydroxyl, CO2H or
COOH - -carboxyl
In every amino acid, given away by nitrogen NH2 - ✅✅-Amino group
✅✅
a giant molecule made up of other smaller molecules usually made by a
condensation reaction - -Macromolecule
✅✅-monomer
a single sub unit, the building block of a polymmer -
a long molecule made up of two or more monomers - ✅✅-polymer
✅✅
also known as condensation, links monomers to polymers, connected by
removal of water - -dehydration synthesis
covalent bonds connect monomers into polymers - ✅✅-hydrolisis
a macromolecule who's major functions include carbon supply, structural
✅✅
components, fuel (glucose) and storage of glucose (polysaccharides) -
-carbohydrates
✅✅
simple sugars, trioses or pentoses with 5 or 5 carbon atoms, have the
functional groups aldose and ketose - -monosaccharides
consists of two monosaccharides - ✅✅-disaccharides
✅✅
chains of linked monosaccharides, three or more, includes starch, glycogen
and cellulose - -polysaccharides
✅✅
a polysaccharide that is stored food in plants and is composed of amylose
and amylopectin - -starch
stored food animals, is a polysaccharide - ✅✅-glycogen
, a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants - ✅✅-cellulose
✅✅
contains a free aldehyde or ketone group, includes all monosaccharides
and disaccharides with a free aldehyde or ketone - -reducing sugars
tests for the presence of a reducing sugar - ✅✅-benedict's test
a positive test result for benedicts test - ✅✅-any color change
when the carbonyl group is within the structure - ✅✅-ketone
when the carbonyl group is on either end of the molecule - ✅✅-aldehyde
a solution that tests for starcg - ✅✅-lugol's solution
positive lugol's result is - ✅✅-purple color
a non polar macromolecule that includes triglycerides, steroids and
✅✅
phospholipids, major functions include energy storage, membrane material
and insulation - -Lipids
a lipid with all bonds between carbon and hydrogen being single bonds.
✅✅
and no double bonds, straight chains solid at room temperature -
-saturated lipid
✅✅
some carbon carbon bonds are double bonded, chain is somewhat bent,
liquid at room temperature - -unsaturated lipids
glycerol, 3 fatty acids - ✅✅-triglyceride
✅✅
the lipid that makes up membrane, built of glycerol, phosphate group and 2
fatty acids - -phospholipids
4 interconnected rings, cholesterol, hormones, bile - ✅✅-sterols
✅✅
a test that looks at the solubility of lipids and uses iodine staining -
-lipid chromatography
✅✅
tests that dye lipids so you can determine their presence, -
-emulsification and sudan IV
a positive sudan IV/ emulsification test - ✅✅-cloudy emulsion with red
droplets
