ONS/ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATION LATEST EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage -ANSWER-
Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function -ANSWER-
The Normal Cell Cycle -ANSWER--The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of
DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes molecular
information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase -ANSWER-Cell division produces two identical cells through
these two major phases
During interphase: -ANSWER-Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three
steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) -ANSWER--cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
,-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) -ANSWER--DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) -ANSWER--Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and
move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from -ANSWER--G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
Restriction Point -ANSWER--The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing
phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular transformation can occur
, -During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells
past the restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase) -ANSWER--After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or
go into a resting phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase) -ANSWER--Exceptions to this are
those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time -ANSWER-Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image -ANSWER-
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__
how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control -ANSWER--The cell cycle is
carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the
genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease,
such as cancer
CERTIFICATION LATEST EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage -ANSWER-
Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function -ANSWER-
The Normal Cell Cycle -ANSWER--The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of
DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes molecular
information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase -ANSWER-Cell division produces two identical cells through
these two major phases
During interphase: -ANSWER-Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three
steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) -ANSWER--cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
,-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) -ANSWER--DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) -ANSWER--Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and
move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from -ANSWER--G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
Restriction Point -ANSWER--The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing
phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular transformation can occur
, -During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells
past the restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase) -ANSWER--After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or
go into a resting phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase) -ANSWER--Exceptions to this are
those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time -ANSWER-Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image -ANSWER-
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__
how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control -ANSWER--The cell cycle is
carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the
genetic information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease,
such as cancer
