ADN 110 EXAM #3 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is elimination? - Answers - the excretion of waste from the body
What is bowel elimination? - Answers - passage and dispelling of stool through the
intestinal tract via intestinal smooth muscle contraction
What is urinary elimination? - Answers - passage of urine out of urinary tract thru urinary
sphincter and urethra
defecation - Answers - bowel elimination
voiding - Answers - elimination of urine
continence - Answers - purposeful control
retention - Answers - inability or incomplete emptying
anuria - Answers - absence of urine
incontinence - Answers - lack of control
polyuria - Answers - multiple episodes of urination (volume)
frequency - Answers - multiple episodes, little produced (# of times)
feces - Answers - stool or bowel movement
hesitancy - Answers - difficulty starting stream
dysuria - Answers - painful urination
oliguria - Answers - reduced amount of urine
nocturia - Answers - excessive urination at night
hematuria - Answers - blood in urine
hypoactive - Answers - slow, sluggish, less than 5 sounds/min
hyperactive - Answers - loud, high pitched
, distended - Answers - outward expansion
What are the consequences of incontinence? - Answers - -skin breakdown
-changes in social activities/relationships
-risk for falls/injury when individuals "hurry" to bathrooms
What is the cause of urinary retention? - Answers - external sphincter does not open for
release of urine or blockage of urethra
What are the consequences of urinary retention? - Answers - -increased urine
volume/bladder distention
-backflow to upper urinary tract
-dilation of ureters & renal pelvis (increasing pressure/inflammation)
-pyelonephritis & renal atrophy
What is the cause of bowel retention? - Answers - ignoring the "urge to go" or
decreased peristalsis
What are the consequences of bowel retention? - Answers - retention of stool in the
rectum
What are the signs/symptoms of bowel retention? - Answers - -stool dries & hardens
-constipation
-impaction
-pain/bloating/feeling "full" (can be felt during assessment w light palpation)
What are the individual risk factors r/t elimination? - Answers - -age (children/older
adults)
-neurological impairments
-altered mobility
-cognitive impairments
-congenital defects
-pregnancy
-medical conditions
-medications
What puts children at risk for elimination issues? - Answers - fear, toilet training,
retention, nocturia, posturing, reliant on adults
What puts older adults at risk for elimination issues? - Answers - comorbidities, reliant
on others, nutrition, changes in sensation, decreased mobility, cog. impairment
What puts a neurologically impaired person at risk for elimination issues? - Answers -
SCI, brain injury, decreased ability to go, requires full function of brain/SC/muscles
ANSWERS
What is elimination? - Answers - the excretion of waste from the body
What is bowel elimination? - Answers - passage and dispelling of stool through the
intestinal tract via intestinal smooth muscle contraction
What is urinary elimination? - Answers - passage of urine out of urinary tract thru urinary
sphincter and urethra
defecation - Answers - bowel elimination
voiding - Answers - elimination of urine
continence - Answers - purposeful control
retention - Answers - inability or incomplete emptying
anuria - Answers - absence of urine
incontinence - Answers - lack of control
polyuria - Answers - multiple episodes of urination (volume)
frequency - Answers - multiple episodes, little produced (# of times)
feces - Answers - stool or bowel movement
hesitancy - Answers - difficulty starting stream
dysuria - Answers - painful urination
oliguria - Answers - reduced amount of urine
nocturia - Answers - excessive urination at night
hematuria - Answers - blood in urine
hypoactive - Answers - slow, sluggish, less than 5 sounds/min
hyperactive - Answers - loud, high pitched
, distended - Answers - outward expansion
What are the consequences of incontinence? - Answers - -skin breakdown
-changes in social activities/relationships
-risk for falls/injury when individuals "hurry" to bathrooms
What is the cause of urinary retention? - Answers - external sphincter does not open for
release of urine or blockage of urethra
What are the consequences of urinary retention? - Answers - -increased urine
volume/bladder distention
-backflow to upper urinary tract
-dilation of ureters & renal pelvis (increasing pressure/inflammation)
-pyelonephritis & renal atrophy
What is the cause of bowel retention? - Answers - ignoring the "urge to go" or
decreased peristalsis
What are the consequences of bowel retention? - Answers - retention of stool in the
rectum
What are the signs/symptoms of bowel retention? - Answers - -stool dries & hardens
-constipation
-impaction
-pain/bloating/feeling "full" (can be felt during assessment w light palpation)
What are the individual risk factors r/t elimination? - Answers - -age (children/older
adults)
-neurological impairments
-altered mobility
-cognitive impairments
-congenital defects
-pregnancy
-medical conditions
-medications
What puts children at risk for elimination issues? - Answers - fear, toilet training,
retention, nocturia, posturing, reliant on adults
What puts older adults at risk for elimination issues? - Answers - comorbidities, reliant
on others, nutrition, changes in sensation, decreased mobility, cog. impairment
What puts a neurologically impaired person at risk for elimination issues? - Answers -
SCI, brain injury, decreased ability to go, requires full function of brain/SC/muscles
