COSC 253 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Who is the Design Team? - ANS Architects, engineers, other consultants
Who is the construction team? - ANS General contractor, trade partners, suppliers
Who is the Owner Team - ANS Owners, financers, user groups
What are the project delivery methods? - ANS Design/Bid/Build
Design/Build
Construction Manager - Fee Based
Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR)
Describe Design/Bid/Build (pros/cons) - ANS - owner hires separate design and construction
teams
- Provides high degree of confidence regarding project schedule and budget
- Separate entities provide checks and balances
- Traditional, well-established method
Cons: difficult to integrate construction expertise into design
Describe Design/Build (pros/cons) - ANS - Owner hires a single design and construction entity
- Fosters coordination between A/E and GC
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,- Single point of accountability for owner
- Use of this system is growing rapidly
Cons: Fewer checks and balances
Describe Construction Manager (fee based) - ANS - Owner hires independent CM to oversee
design and construction services provided by multiple entities
- Contracts with the owner for a flat fee (could be usually a % of construction or hourly fee)
- Construction expertise is available to owner throughout project
- Commonly associated with large- scale, complex projects
Describe Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR) - ANS - The Construction Manager acts more
like a general contractor and takes greater responsibility (risk) for construction quality, schedule,
and costs
- common for the Construction Manager to contract directly with trade partners (plumber,
electrician, masonry contractor, HVAC contractor, etc.) and agree to deliver the project at a
guaranteed maximum price
What is turnkey construction? - ANS Single entity provides financing as well as design and
construction services
What is Single-Purpose Entity? - ANS Combines owner, design, and construction teams into
one legal entity
What is a fixed fee (lump sum)? - ANS - Owner pays an agreed, fixed amount for work to be
performed
- General Contractor (GC) assumes most financial risk or potential reward
What is cost plus a fee - ANS - Owner pays contractor's direct costs plus an added fee for
overhead and profit
- Contractor is protected from cost uncertainty
- Owner assumes more cost risk/savings reward potential
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, What are the Other types of risk allocations? - ANS Incentive provisions
Liquidated damages
Bonds
What are liquidated damages in construction contracts? - ANS Financial penalties imposed on
the contractor for not completing the project on time.
What are Incentive Provisions? - ANS financially reward contractor for timely completion of
cost savings (a bonus for finishing early!)
What are Bonds in construction? - ANS (bid, performance, payment) protect against
contractor default
What is Sequential Construction? - ANS - A construction phasing method where each major
phase begins only after the preceding phase is complete
- Design completed before construction starts.
What is Phased (Fast Track) Construction? - ANS A method where design and construction
phases overlap to reduce or compress total project duration/ save time.
Which project delivery method is most commonly associated with sequential construction? -
ANS Design/Bid/Build construction.
Which project delivery methods are best suited for phased construction? - ANS Design/Build
and Construction Management project delivery methods.
What is integrated project delivery? - ANS A trend in project management that improves
collaboration between owners, contractors, and designers.
What is lean construction? - ANS A trend aimed at improving efficiency in production.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 23
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
Who is the Design Team? - ANS Architects, engineers, other consultants
Who is the construction team? - ANS General contractor, trade partners, suppliers
Who is the Owner Team - ANS Owners, financers, user groups
What are the project delivery methods? - ANS Design/Bid/Build
Design/Build
Construction Manager - Fee Based
Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR)
Describe Design/Bid/Build (pros/cons) - ANS - owner hires separate design and construction
teams
- Provides high degree of confidence regarding project schedule and budget
- Separate entities provide checks and balances
- Traditional, well-established method
Cons: difficult to integrate construction expertise into design
Describe Design/Build (pros/cons) - ANS - Owner hires a single design and construction entity
- Fosters coordination between A/E and GC
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 23
,- Single point of accountability for owner
- Use of this system is growing rapidly
Cons: Fewer checks and balances
Describe Construction Manager (fee based) - ANS - Owner hires independent CM to oversee
design and construction services provided by multiple entities
- Contracts with the owner for a flat fee (could be usually a % of construction or hourly fee)
- Construction expertise is available to owner throughout project
- Commonly associated with large- scale, complex projects
Describe Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR) - ANS - The Construction Manager acts more
like a general contractor and takes greater responsibility (risk) for construction quality, schedule,
and costs
- common for the Construction Manager to contract directly with trade partners (plumber,
electrician, masonry contractor, HVAC contractor, etc.) and agree to deliver the project at a
guaranteed maximum price
What is turnkey construction? - ANS Single entity provides financing as well as design and
construction services
What is Single-Purpose Entity? - ANS Combines owner, design, and construction teams into
one legal entity
What is a fixed fee (lump sum)? - ANS - Owner pays an agreed, fixed amount for work to be
performed
- General Contractor (GC) assumes most financial risk or potential reward
What is cost plus a fee - ANS - Owner pays contractor's direct costs plus an added fee for
overhead and profit
- Contractor is protected from cost uncertainty
- Owner assumes more cost risk/savings reward potential
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 23
, What are the Other types of risk allocations? - ANS Incentive provisions
Liquidated damages
Bonds
What are liquidated damages in construction contracts? - ANS Financial penalties imposed on
the contractor for not completing the project on time.
What are Incentive Provisions? - ANS financially reward contractor for timely completion of
cost savings (a bonus for finishing early!)
What are Bonds in construction? - ANS (bid, performance, payment) protect against
contractor default
What is Sequential Construction? - ANS - A construction phasing method where each major
phase begins only after the preceding phase is complete
- Design completed before construction starts.
What is Phased (Fast Track) Construction? - ANS A method where design and construction
phases overlap to reduce or compress total project duration/ save time.
Which project delivery method is most commonly associated with sequential construction? -
ANS Design/Bid/Build construction.
Which project delivery methods are best suited for phased construction? - ANS Design/Build
and Construction Management project delivery methods.
What is integrated project delivery? - ANS A trend in project management that improves
collaboration between owners, contractors, and designers.
What is lean construction? - ANS A trend aimed at improving efficiency in production.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 23
