COSC 4353 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What do you understand by the term 'DevOps'? - ANS DevOps (development+operations)
integrates development, deployment and support, with a single team responsible for all of
them.
What three factors led to the development and adoption of DevOps? - ANS Agile methods
reduced software development time but deployment and delivery remained a bottleneck,
Amazon experimented with integrating service development and support, software as a service
became a realistic deployment model.
What are the three principles that are the basis of Devops? - ANS Everyone is responsible for
everything, everything that can be automated should be automated, measure first, change later.
List four important benefits of Devops. - ANS Faster deployment, reduced risk, faster repair of
bugs and outages, more productive teams.
What is code management? - ANS A set of software supported practices that are used to
manage an evolving codebase, keeping track of changes made and ensuring the developers can
work independently on the same code without interference.
What general areas are supported by code management systems? - ANS Code transfer,
version storage and retrieval, merging and branching, version information.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 17
,List five features of code management systems. - ANS Version and release identification,
change history recording, independent development, project support, storage management.
What are three advantages of distributed code management systems? - ANS Resilience,
speed, flexibility.
What are 'branching and merging'? - ANS Branching occurs when a developer makes changes
to a shared codebase and an independent branch is created to allow these changes to be made
without interfering with other developers. Merging is the process of integrating the changes
made in a branch into the shared codebase.
What are the four aspects of DevOps automation? - ANS Continuous integration, continuous
delivery, continuous deployment, infrastructure as code.
What is the main purpose of an issue management system? - ANS To keep track of issues and
problems raised by developers and customers and the development teams responses to the
issues that have been raised.
What is meant by continuous integration? - ANS Continuous integration means that every
time a developer makes a change to a code unit, it is immediately integrated into the shared
codebase.
How does incremental system building work? - ANS Incremental system building means that
only those parts of a system that have been changed are recompiled and rebuilt. It relies on a
dependency graph that shows code unit dependencies and time stamps that show when code
units have been changed.
What is continuous delivery and how does it differ from continuous deployment? -
ANS Continuous delivery is the processes of creating a deployable version of a system every
time a change is integrated into the project codebase. It differs from continuous deployment in
that deployment involves pushing that change to software customers; In continuous delivery,
there is no requirement to release the changed software.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 17
, List four benefits of continuous deployment. - ANS Reduced costs, faster problem solving,
faster customer feedback, A/B testing.
What is meant by 'infrastructure as code'? - ANS An executable model of software
infrastructure (databases, libraries, browsers, etc.) is maintained so that it is possible to recreate
this specific infrastructure on demand.
What are the key benefits of representing your infrastructure as code? - ANS Visibility - the
model makes the infrastructure understandable; reproducibility - it is always possible to
recreate the infrastructure that software relies on; reliability - human errors are reduced when
updating the infrastructure; recovery - it is fast to rebuild a specific infrastructure after a
problem has occurred.
What are the four types of measurements that may be used in software development? -
ANS Process measurements, service measurements, usage measurements, business success
measurements.
Why is it unreliable to link business success measurements with other software measurements?
- ANS Because business success is a complex issue that depends on many factors, such as
management skills, that are nothing to do with software development. We do not know how to
assess the contribution of software development changes in business success.
List five metrics that may be used when assessing DevOps processes. - ANS Any five from:
mean time to recovery, percentage of failed deployments, deployment frequency, change
volume, lead time from development to deployment, percentage increase in customer
numbers, number of customer complaints, availability, performance.
What is a microservice? - ANS A small-scale, stateless software component that is completely
independent and which implements a single business function.
List five characteristics of microservices. - ANS Self-contained, lightweight, Implementation-
independent, independently deployable, business-oriented.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 17
ANSWERS 2026 VERIFIED.
What do you understand by the term 'DevOps'? - ANS DevOps (development+operations)
integrates development, deployment and support, with a single team responsible for all of
them.
What three factors led to the development and adoption of DevOps? - ANS Agile methods
reduced software development time but deployment and delivery remained a bottleneck,
Amazon experimented with integrating service development and support, software as a service
became a realistic deployment model.
What are the three principles that are the basis of Devops? - ANS Everyone is responsible for
everything, everything that can be automated should be automated, measure first, change later.
List four important benefits of Devops. - ANS Faster deployment, reduced risk, faster repair of
bugs and outages, more productive teams.
What is code management? - ANS A set of software supported practices that are used to
manage an evolving codebase, keeping track of changes made and ensuring the developers can
work independently on the same code without interference.
What general areas are supported by code management systems? - ANS Code transfer,
version storage and retrieval, merging and branching, version information.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 17
,List five features of code management systems. - ANS Version and release identification,
change history recording, independent development, project support, storage management.
What are three advantages of distributed code management systems? - ANS Resilience,
speed, flexibility.
What are 'branching and merging'? - ANS Branching occurs when a developer makes changes
to a shared codebase and an independent branch is created to allow these changes to be made
without interfering with other developers. Merging is the process of integrating the changes
made in a branch into the shared codebase.
What are the four aspects of DevOps automation? - ANS Continuous integration, continuous
delivery, continuous deployment, infrastructure as code.
What is the main purpose of an issue management system? - ANS To keep track of issues and
problems raised by developers and customers and the development teams responses to the
issues that have been raised.
What is meant by continuous integration? - ANS Continuous integration means that every
time a developer makes a change to a code unit, it is immediately integrated into the shared
codebase.
How does incremental system building work? - ANS Incremental system building means that
only those parts of a system that have been changed are recompiled and rebuilt. It relies on a
dependency graph that shows code unit dependencies and time stamps that show when code
units have been changed.
What is continuous delivery and how does it differ from continuous deployment? -
ANS Continuous delivery is the processes of creating a deployable version of a system every
time a change is integrated into the project codebase. It differs from continuous deployment in
that deployment involves pushing that change to software customers; In continuous delivery,
there is no requirement to release the changed software.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 17
, List four benefits of continuous deployment. - ANS Reduced costs, faster problem solving,
faster customer feedback, A/B testing.
What is meant by 'infrastructure as code'? - ANS An executable model of software
infrastructure (databases, libraries, browsers, etc.) is maintained so that it is possible to recreate
this specific infrastructure on demand.
What are the key benefits of representing your infrastructure as code? - ANS Visibility - the
model makes the infrastructure understandable; reproducibility - it is always possible to
recreate the infrastructure that software relies on; reliability - human errors are reduced when
updating the infrastructure; recovery - it is fast to rebuild a specific infrastructure after a
problem has occurred.
What are the four types of measurements that may be used in software development? -
ANS Process measurements, service measurements, usage measurements, business success
measurements.
Why is it unreliable to link business success measurements with other software measurements?
- ANS Because business success is a complex issue that depends on many factors, such as
management skills, that are nothing to do with software development. We do not know how to
assess the contribution of software development changes in business success.
List five metrics that may be used when assessing DevOps processes. - ANS Any five from:
mean time to recovery, percentage of failed deployments, deployment frequency, change
volume, lead time from development to deployment, percentage increase in customer
numbers, number of customer complaints, availability, performance.
What is a microservice? - ANS A small-scale, stateless software component that is completely
independent and which implements a single business function.
List five characteristics of microservices. - ANS Self-contained, lightweight, Implementation-
independent, independently deployable, business-oriented.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 17
