© 2026/27 Qs & Ans
Renal and Urinary Disorders Nursing Exam
Questions And 100% Correct Answers With
Verified Rationales | Instant Pdf Download
1. Which acid-base imbalance is commonly seen in chronic kidney disease?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory acidosis
Answer: A. Metabolic acidosis
Rationale: Impaired kidneys cannot excrete hydrogen ions or reabsorb
bicarbonate effectively.
2. Which assessment finding is an early sign of uremia?
A. Nausea and loss of appetite
B. Productive cough
C. Hyperactivity
D. Bradycardia only
Answer: A. Nausea and loss of appetite
Rationale: Accumulation of nitrogenous waste affects the GI system early
in uremia.
3. Which intervention is priority in a patient with severe hyperkalemia?
1
, © 2026/27 Qs & Ans
A. Continuous cardiac monitoring
B. Encourage potassium intake
C. Restrict oxygen therapy
D. Delay laboratory testing
Answer: A. Continuous cardiac monitoring
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause fatal dysrhythmias requiring
immediate monitoring.
4. Which medication is commonly used to treat anemia in chronic kidney
disease?
A. Erythropoietin
B. Furosemide
C. Insulin
D. Heparin
Answer: A. Erythropoietin
Rationale: CKD reduces endogenous erythropoietin production.
5. Which finding suggests peritoneal dialysis infection?
A. Cloudy dialysate fluid
B. Clear urine
C. Increased appetite
D. Bradycardia
2
, © 2026/27 Qs & Ans
Answer: A. Cloudy dialysate fluid
Rationale: Cloudy effluent indicates peritonitis.
6. Which electrolyte is most likely to decrease in kidney disease due to
dialysis?
A. Potassium
B. Creatinine
C. BUN
D. Uric acid
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Dialysis removes excess potassium from the blood.
7. Which sign is most consistent with fluid overload?
A. Crackles in lungs
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Hypotension
D. Flat neck veins
Answer: A. Crackles in lungs
Rationale: Excess fluid can accumulate in pulmonary tissues.
8. Which condition is a common cause of chronic kidney disease?
3
, © 2026/27 Qs & Ans
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Appendicitis
C. Asthma
D. GERD
Answer: A. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Chronic hyperglycemia damages renal blood vessels.
9. Which urine characteristic is expected in dehydration?
A. Dark and concentrated urine
B. Clear and dilute urine
C. Bloody urine
D. Foamy urine
Answer: A. Dark and concentrated urine
Rationale: Reduced fluid intake concentrates urine output.
10. Which intervention is appropriate for nocturia?
A. Limit fluids before bedtime
B. Encourage nighttime hydration
C. Restrict daytime voiding
D. Avoid bladder training
Answer: A. Limit fluids before bedtime
Rationale: Reducing evening fluid intake decreases nighttime urination.
4
Renal and Urinary Disorders Nursing Exam
Questions And 100% Correct Answers With
Verified Rationales | Instant Pdf Download
1. Which acid-base imbalance is commonly seen in chronic kidney disease?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory acidosis
Answer: A. Metabolic acidosis
Rationale: Impaired kidneys cannot excrete hydrogen ions or reabsorb
bicarbonate effectively.
2. Which assessment finding is an early sign of uremia?
A. Nausea and loss of appetite
B. Productive cough
C. Hyperactivity
D. Bradycardia only
Answer: A. Nausea and loss of appetite
Rationale: Accumulation of nitrogenous waste affects the GI system early
in uremia.
3. Which intervention is priority in a patient with severe hyperkalemia?
1
, © 2026/27 Qs & Ans
A. Continuous cardiac monitoring
B. Encourage potassium intake
C. Restrict oxygen therapy
D. Delay laboratory testing
Answer: A. Continuous cardiac monitoring
Rationale: Hyperkalemia can cause fatal dysrhythmias requiring
immediate monitoring.
4. Which medication is commonly used to treat anemia in chronic kidney
disease?
A. Erythropoietin
B. Furosemide
C. Insulin
D. Heparin
Answer: A. Erythropoietin
Rationale: CKD reduces endogenous erythropoietin production.
5. Which finding suggests peritoneal dialysis infection?
A. Cloudy dialysate fluid
B. Clear urine
C. Increased appetite
D. Bradycardia
2
, © 2026/27 Qs & Ans
Answer: A. Cloudy dialysate fluid
Rationale: Cloudy effluent indicates peritonitis.
6. Which electrolyte is most likely to decrease in kidney disease due to
dialysis?
A. Potassium
B. Creatinine
C. BUN
D. Uric acid
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: Dialysis removes excess potassium from the blood.
7. Which sign is most consistent with fluid overload?
A. Crackles in lungs
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Hypotension
D. Flat neck veins
Answer: A. Crackles in lungs
Rationale: Excess fluid can accumulate in pulmonary tissues.
8. Which condition is a common cause of chronic kidney disease?
3
, © 2026/27 Qs & Ans
A. Diabetes mellitus
B. Appendicitis
C. Asthma
D. GERD
Answer: A. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Chronic hyperglycemia damages renal blood vessels.
9. Which urine characteristic is expected in dehydration?
A. Dark and concentrated urine
B. Clear and dilute urine
C. Bloody urine
D. Foamy urine
Answer: A. Dark and concentrated urine
Rationale: Reduced fluid intake concentrates urine output.
10. Which intervention is appropriate for nocturia?
A. Limit fluids before bedtime
B. Encourage nighttime hydration
C. Restrict daytime voiding
D. Avoid bladder training
Answer: A. Limit fluids before bedtime
Rationale: Reducing evening fluid intake decreases nighttime urination.
4
