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Summary Free Will and Determinism

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Issues and Debates
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Clear, exam-focused, and built for top grades — these concise Issues & Debates summary notes cut through the noise and focus only on what you actually need to know for A-Level Psychology. Every topic is broken down into simple, structured sections so you can revise faster, remember more, and avoid getting lost in endless textbook detail. Key studies, evaluation points, and core debates are distilled into easy-to-revise chunks that are perfect for last-minute revision or building strong essay answers. Designed to save you time and boost marks, these notes help you quickly understand complex ideas like reductionism vs holism, nature vs nurture, free will vs determinism, and more — without the waffle. If you want revision that’s efficient, exam-ready, and actually makes sense under pressure, these notes do exactly that.

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Freewill Individualsconsciouslydecidetheirbehaviourwithoutdeterministicrestraints

Strengths FreeWill
Matcheseverydayexperience Facevalidity Humanists
Supports legalSystem
Weaknesses
Doesntaccount for genetics
Unscientific

Harddeterminism Personalitytraitsandbehaviourare setbyforcesoutside our control
Softdeterminism Traitsandbehaviourare to anextentdictatedbyinternalandexternalforces however we
dohavesomelevelof control

Environmentaldeterminism ourexperiences intheworldshapeour behaviour
Behavourists
Sociallearningtheorists

Biologicaldeterminism our behaviouris setby ourgenetics
Biologicalpsychologists


Psychicdeterminism Innatedrivesshapedbychildhoodexperiencesdetermine our behaviour
Psychodynamics


Strengths
Predicable
Research support
e.g twin studies
Weaknesses
Challengesresponsibility shiftsblame
Challenges everyday life Decisionmaking

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A/AS Level
Subject
Psychology
Uploaded on
May 27, 2026
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2025/2026
Type
Summary
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  • free will
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