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OCR exam with questions and answers

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OCR Level Biology Module 2

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1 of 64

Definition



relatively cheap
easy to use
portable
used to study whole living specimens
see in colour



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Cellulose Cell Wall Structure Golgi Apparatus Structure




Optical Microscopes
TEM microscopes are used to
advantages

, 2 of 64

Definition



x2 million
0.2nm



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TEM magnification and
Light microscope resolution
resolution




SEM microscopes are used to SEM magnification




3 of 64

Term



Laser Scanning confocal Microscopes



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- Absent from animal cells, cell wall is strong and prevent plant cells from busting
when turgid
- Provide strength and support
- Maintains cells shape
- Contribute to strengths and support of whole plant

, - Permeable and allow solutions (solute and solvent) to pass through
- Fungi have cell walls that contain chitin


- Epithelial cells lining airways have hundreds of cilia that beat and move band of
mucus
- Nearly all cell types in body have one cilium that acts as antenna, contains
receptors and allows cell to detect signals about its immediate environment
- Only type of human cell that has Undulipodium is spermatozoon and enables it to
move




- use laser light to scan object point by point into one image
- high resolution and high contrast
- have depth selectivity and focus on structures at different depths within
specimen
- clearly observe whole living specimens/cells
- used in medical profession and branches of biological research




to look at an object at a certain depth within the cell




4 of 64

Definition



- Surrounded by membrane called tonoplast and contains fluid



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Vacuole Structure Calculating Magnification

, SEM magnification Lysosomes structure




5 of 64

Definition


- Much smaller
- Have less well-developed cytoskeleton with no centrioles
- Don't have Nucleus
- Don't have membrane-bound organelles eg mitochondria,
endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts it Golgi apparatus
- Have wall made of peptidoglycan and not cellulose
- Have smaller ribosomes
- Naked DNA not wound around histone proteins but floats free in
cytoplasm as Koop
- Protective waxy capsule surrounding cell wall
- Small loops of DNA called plasmids as well as main large loop DNA
- Flagella- long whip-like projections enabling them to move
- Pili- smaller hair-like projections enabling bacteria to adhere to host
cells or each other and allow passage of DNA from one cell to another



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Prokaryotic Cell Division Using Graticules




Cytoskeleton Function Prokaryotic Cells

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