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DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHER
(RDMS) – PEDIATRIC SONOGRAPHY (PS)
EXAM | QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES
1. What is the most common indication for a pediatric
cranial ultrasound (neonatal head ultrasound)?
A) Evaluate for hydrocephalus, intraventricular
hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia
(PVL), and brain anomalies
B) Evaluate for sinusitis
C) Evaluate for skull fracture
D) Evaluate for dental abscess
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cranial US is used in neonates (especially
premature) to screen for IVH, PVL, and
hydrocephalus.
2. Which of the following is the correct acoustic
window for neonatal cranial ultrasound (anterior
fontanelle)?
,A) Anterior fontanelle (coronal and sagittal planes) –
open fontanelle allows sound transmission
B) Mastoid fontanelle
C) Posterior fontanelle
D) Temporal bone window
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle is the primary
acoustic window for neonatal cranial US (coronal and
sagittal scans).
3. Which of the following is the sonographic finding of
intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) Grade I in a
premature infant (Papile classification)?
A) Subependymal hemorrhage (germinal matrix
hemorrhage) without intraventricular extension
B) Intraventricular hemorrhage without ventricular
dilation
C) Intraventricular hemorrhage with ventricular
dilation
D) Parenchymal hemorrhage (intraparenchymal
extension)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Grade I: hemorrhage confined to the
germinal matrix (subependymal region).
,4. Which of the following is the sonographic finding of
periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) on cranial
ultrasound?
A) Periventricular echogenicities (acute) progressing
to cystic cavitation (chronic) in the periventricular
white matter
B) Subependymal cyst
C) Choroid plexus cyst
D) Hydrocephalus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: PVL: ischemic necrosis of periventricular
white matter; early: echogenic foci; late: cysts
(cavitation).
5. Which of the following is the sonographic finding of
hydrocephalus (ventriculomegaly) on neonatal
cranial ultrasound?
A) Dilated lateral ventricles (atrial width >10 mm),
often with blunted frontal horns, and third ventricular
dilation
B) Normal ventricles (<10 mm)
C) Subependymal cyst
D) Choroid plexus cyst
, Correct answer: A
Rationale: Ventriculomegaly: atrial width >10 mm
(mild 10-12 mm, moderate 12-15 mm, severe >15
mm).
6. Which of the following is the normal measurement
of the lateral ventricle atrium (atrial width) in a
neonate?
A) <10 mm (normal, <10 mm)
B) 10-15 mm (mild ventriculomegaly)
C) >15 mm (severe ventriculomegaly)
D) 5-8 mm (typical normal)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Normal atrial width is <10 mm (typical 5-8
mm). Values >10 mm indicate ventriculomegaly.
7. Which of the following is the sonographic finding of
a choroid plexus cyst (neonatal brain) – typically
benign?
A) Anechoic, thin-walled cyst within the choroid
plexus of the lateral ventricle (usually <1 cm)
B) Solid hyperechoic mass
C) Periventricular echogenicity
DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHER
(RDMS) – PEDIATRIC SONOGRAPHY (PS)
EXAM | QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES
1. What is the most common indication for a pediatric
cranial ultrasound (neonatal head ultrasound)?
A) Evaluate for hydrocephalus, intraventricular
hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia
(PVL), and brain anomalies
B) Evaluate for sinusitis
C) Evaluate for skull fracture
D) Evaluate for dental abscess
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cranial US is used in neonates (especially
premature) to screen for IVH, PVL, and
hydrocephalus.
2. Which of the following is the correct acoustic
window for neonatal cranial ultrasound (anterior
fontanelle)?
,A) Anterior fontanelle (coronal and sagittal planes) –
open fontanelle allows sound transmission
B) Mastoid fontanelle
C) Posterior fontanelle
D) Temporal bone window
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The anterior fontanelle is the primary
acoustic window for neonatal cranial US (coronal and
sagittal scans).
3. Which of the following is the sonographic finding of
intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) Grade I in a
premature infant (Papile classification)?
A) Subependymal hemorrhage (germinal matrix
hemorrhage) without intraventricular extension
B) Intraventricular hemorrhage without ventricular
dilation
C) Intraventricular hemorrhage with ventricular
dilation
D) Parenchymal hemorrhage (intraparenchymal
extension)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Grade I: hemorrhage confined to the
germinal matrix (subependymal region).
,4. Which of the following is the sonographic finding of
periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) on cranial
ultrasound?
A) Periventricular echogenicities (acute) progressing
to cystic cavitation (chronic) in the periventricular
white matter
B) Subependymal cyst
C) Choroid plexus cyst
D) Hydrocephalus
Correct answer: A
Rationale: PVL: ischemic necrosis of periventricular
white matter; early: echogenic foci; late: cysts
(cavitation).
5. Which of the following is the sonographic finding of
hydrocephalus (ventriculomegaly) on neonatal
cranial ultrasound?
A) Dilated lateral ventricles (atrial width >10 mm),
often with blunted frontal horns, and third ventricular
dilation
B) Normal ventricles (<10 mm)
C) Subependymal cyst
D) Choroid plexus cyst
, Correct answer: A
Rationale: Ventriculomegaly: atrial width >10 mm
(mild 10-12 mm, moderate 12-15 mm, severe >15
mm).
6. Which of the following is the normal measurement
of the lateral ventricle atrium (atrial width) in a
neonate?
A) <10 mm (normal, <10 mm)
B) 10-15 mm (mild ventriculomegaly)
C) >15 mm (severe ventriculomegaly)
D) 5-8 mm (typical normal)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Normal atrial width is <10 mm (typical 5-8
mm). Values >10 mm indicate ventriculomegaly.
7. Which of the following is the sonographic finding of
a choroid plexus cyst (neonatal brain) – typically
benign?
A) Anechoic, thin-walled cyst within the choroid
plexus of the lateral ventricle (usually <1 cm)
B) Solid hyperechoic mass
C) Periventricular echogenicity
