TESTBANK
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
m m m m m m m
Benjamin A. Pierce
m m
,TABLE OF CONTENT m m
Chapter m 01: Introduction to Genetics ................................................................................................................... 3
m m m
Chapter m 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ..................................................................................... 15
m m m m
Chapter m 03: Basic Principles of Heredity .......................................................................................................... 32
m m m m
Chapter m 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ...................................................................... 59
m m m m m m
Chapter m 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ........................................................... 98
m m m m m m
Chapter m 06: Chromosome Variation.................................................................................................................. 115
m m
Chapter m 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .......................................................................................... 139
m m m m m
Chapter m 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ................................................................................... 152
m m m m m m m
Chapter m 09: m DNA Replication and Recombination ......................................................................................... 181
m m m
Chapter m 10: m From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ................................................... 198
m m m m m m m
Chapter m 11: m From DNA to Proteins: Translation............................................................................................ 224
m m m m
Chapter m 12: m Control of Gene Expression......................................................................................................... 244
m m m
Chapter m 13: m Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .................................................... 278
m m m m m m
Chapter m 14: m Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ......................................................................... 298
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Chapter m 15: m Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................ 314
m m
Chapter m 16: m Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................. 332
m
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics .................................................................................................................... 346
m m m
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ........................................................................................ 366
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mMesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m populations.
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos
m m m m m m m m m m m m
don‘t produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
effects of sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations the alleles
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a low
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
m m m m m m m m
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mMesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mamong the Hopis of Black Mesa.
m m m m m
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
albinos are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
positions of leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Hopi blood in the community.
m m m m m
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their m m m m m m m m m m m m
sensitivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
during the daytime. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
men of the village.
m m m m
Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
frequency. m
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the
m m m m m m m m m m m m
m phenomenon is INCORRECT? m m
a. evolution—population genetics m
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
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c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
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d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics m m m m m
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
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ANSWER: e m
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
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a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles m m m m
b. mechanism of DNA replication m m m
c. gene expression patterns
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d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids m m m m
ANSWER: a m
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
m m m m m m m m m m m
, a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
m m m m m m m
Benjamin A. Pierce
m m
,TABLE OF CONTENT m m
Chapter m 01: Introduction to Genetics ................................................................................................................... 3
m m m
Chapter m 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ..................................................................................... 15
m m m m
Chapter m 03: Basic Principles of Heredity .......................................................................................................... 32
m m m m
Chapter m 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ...................................................................... 59
m m m m m m
Chapter m 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ........................................................... 98
m m m m m m
Chapter m 06: Chromosome Variation.................................................................................................................. 115
m m
Chapter m 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .......................................................................................... 139
m m m m m
Chapter m 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ................................................................................... 152
m m m m m m m
Chapter m 09: m DNA Replication and Recombination ......................................................................................... 181
m m m
Chapter m 10: m From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ................................................... 198
m m m m m m m
Chapter m 11: m From DNA to Proteins: Translation............................................................................................ 224
m m m m
Chapter m 12: m Control of Gene Expression......................................................................................................... 244
m m m
Chapter m 13: m Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair .................................................... 278
m m m m m m
Chapter m 14: m Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ......................................................................... 298
m m m m
Chapter m 15: m Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................ 314
m m
Chapter m 16: m Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................. 332
m
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics .................................................................................................................... 346
m m m
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics ........................................................................................ 366
m m m m m
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
m m m m
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mMesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m populations.
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos
m m m m m m m m m m m m
don‘t produce melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
effects of sunlight. Also, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
eyesight. Finally, in most cultures albinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
normally sought out for marriage and mating. Therefore, in most populations the alleles
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in frequency or are kept at a low
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
m m m m m m m m
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m people. However, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mMesa in Arizona. Explain in terms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
mamong the Hopis of Black Mesa.
m m m m m
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture,
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
albinos are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
positions of leadership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
Hopi blood in the community.
m m m m m
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their m m m m m m m m m m m m
sensitivity to sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
during the daytime. This allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other
m m m m m m m m m m m m m
men of the village.
m m m m
Therefore, the alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
selected against as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
frequency. m
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the
m m m m m m m m m m m m
m phenomenon is INCORRECT? m m
a. evolution—population genetics m
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
m m
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
m m m
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics m m m m m
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics
m m m m m
ANSWER: e m
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles m m m m
b. mechanism of DNA replication m m m
c. gene expression patterns
m m
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids m m m m
ANSWER: a m
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
m m m m m m m m m m m
, a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
