Final Exam Study Guide – Comprehensive Course Review Notes and Key Concepts

Final Exam Study Guide

Midterm

 General principles of Nursing Informatics
 Scientific synthesis of information in nursing
 Concepts: computer, cognitive, information
 Knowledge
 Wisdom
 Scientific Underpinning
 The Foundation of Knowledge Model
 Computer science
 Cognitive science
 Information science
 Standard Terminology
 Informatics Competencies
 Information literacy
 Health literacy
 Meaningful Use
 Patient-centered Information Systems
 Clinical Decision Support Systems
 Electronic Medical Records
 Human-Technology Interface
 Health Information Technology
 Alarm fatigue
 Digital natives
 Information Literacy Competency Standards for Nursing
 HITECH Act
 TIGER-based Nursing Informatics Competencies Model


Midterm Feedback

 Workarounds are ways invented by users to bypass the system to accomplish a task; usually indicate a poor
fit of the system or technology to the workflow or user; devised methods to beat a system that does not
function appropriately or is not suited to the task it was developed to assist with (McGonigle & Mastrian,
2018, p. 584). Workarounds negate expected practice protocols and are rarely necessary or appropriate
means to ensure patient safety.
 Longevity is defined as usability beyond the immediate clinical encounter (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018, p.
570).
o HITCH ACT- become meaningful users of EHR.
o American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
 Communication systems improve productivity to promote interaction among healthcare providers and
between providers and patients. Healthcare professionals overwhelmingly recognize the value of these
systems to promote data and information processing. Examples of communication systems include call light
systems, wireless telephones, pagers, email, and instant messaging, which have traditionally been forms of
communication targeted at clinicians (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018, p. 190).

, Final Exam Study Guide
 A major barrier to widespread adoption of educational opportunities for patients among American
healthcare providers is the fact that reimbursement mechanisms for electronic health care interventions
are inadequate or nonexistent. The goal of the interactive behavior change technology is to improve
communication between patients and healthcare providers and to provide educational interventions that
promote better disease management between office visits (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018, p. 335).
 Once the technology is integrated into the organization, biomedical engineers can become valuable
partners in promoting patient safety through appropriate use of these technologies. For example, in one
organization, the biomedical engineers helped to revamp processes associated with the new technology
alarm systems after they discovered several key issues: slow response times to legitimate alarms and
multiple false alarms (promoting alarm fatigue) created by alarm parameters that were too sensitive.
Strategies for addressing these issues included improving the nurse call system by adding Voice over
Internet Protocol telephones that wirelessly receive alarms directly from technology equipment carried by
all nurses, thus reducing response times to alarms; feeding alarm data into a reporting database for further
analysis; and encouraging nurses to round with physicians to provide input into alarm parameters that
were too sensitive and were generating multiple false alarms (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018, p. 297).
 This deluge of information available via computers must be mastered and organized by the us. er if
knowledge is to emerge. Discernment and the ability to critique and filter this information must also be
present to facilitate the further development of wisdom (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018, p.53).
 Nurses have historically gathered and recorded data, albeit in a paper record. There is no doubt that
nursing experiences build knowledge and skill in nursing practice, but paper-based documentation has
hindered the ability to share knowledge and to aggregate experiences to build new knowledge (McGonigle
& Mastrian, 2018, p. 106).
 Healthcare providers need to embrace the Internet as a source of health information for patient education
and health literacy. Patients are increasingly turning there for instant information about their health
maladies. Health-related blogs (short for weblog, an online journal) and electronic patient and parent
support groups are also proliferating at an astounding rate. Clinicians need to be prepared to arm patients
with the skills required to identify credible websites. They also need to participate in the development of
well-designed, easy-to-use health education tools. (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018, p. 330).
 Patients are occasionally interested in interacting with others who have the same or similar conditions, and
some healthcare organizations are providing the information necessary to help them connect. This so-
called peer-to-peer support is especially popular with patients who have cancer diagnoses, diabetes, and
other chronic and debilitating conditions (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2018, p. 328).

Final
 Ethical decision making
 Bioethical standards
 Telehealth
 Medical Applications
 Medical Devices
 FDA Oversight for Medical Devices
 Privacy
 Confidentiality
 Cybersecurity
 Computer-aided translators
 HIPPA
 ICD-10 Coding
 Evaluation and Management Coding