Test bank For Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 16th Edition by Gerard J. Tortora; Bryan H. Derrickson

Test bank For Principles of Anatomy and
Physiology 16th Edition by Gerard J.
Tortora; Bryan H. Derrickson
9781119662792 2020/2021 Chapter 1-29
Complete Questions and Answers A+

CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY




Question 1
Which describes the study of the functions of body structures?
A) Anatomy
B) Physiology
C) Endocrinology
D) Histology
E) Immunology


Answer: B


Rationale: Physiology is the study of the functions of body structures. Anatomy is the study of
structures themselves. Endocrinology is the study of hormones, histology is the study of tissues,
and immunology is the study of the immune system [citation:2][citation:4].


Question 2
A group of cells that work together to perform a particular function is a(n):
A) Tissue
B) Organ
C) Molecules


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,D) Compounds
E) Organism


Answer: A


Rationale: Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Organs are composed of multiple tissue types, molecules and compounds are chemical
structures, and an organism is a complete living being [citation:2][citation:6].


Question 3
What process occurs when amino acids build new proteins? (Select all that apply)
A) Metabolism
B) Anabolism
C) Catabolism
D) Responsiveness
E) Differentiation


Answers: A, B


Rationale: Amino acids building new proteins is part of both metabolism (the sum of all cellular
processes) and specifically anabolism (the building-up phase of metabolism). Catabolism is the
breakdown phase, responsiveness is the ability to sense and react, and differentiation is
specialization of cells [citation:2][citation:8].


Question 4
How are reproduction, differentiation, and growth related?


Answer: Reproduction occurs through the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm cell to form a
zygote, followed by repeated cell divisions and the differentiation of these cells. Growth is an
increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the
number of cells, or both [citation:2][citation:4].



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,Difficulty: Hard


Question 5
The two organ systems that predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the:
A) Cardiovascular and integumentary systems
B) Nervous and endocrine systems
C) Cardiovascular and respiratory systems
D) Respiratory and muscular systems
E) Urinary and integumentary systems


Answer: B


Rationale: The nervous and endocrine systems are the primary regulatory systems of the body.
They work together to maintain homeostasis through electrical signals (nervous) and chemical
messengers (endocrine) [citation:2][citation:6].


Question 6
Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues?
A) Lymph
B) Blood plasma
C) Interstitial fluid
D) Intracellular fluid
E) Vitreous body


Answer: C


Rationale: Interstitial fluid is the fluid that bathes and surrounds cells, filling the spaces between
tissues. It provides a medium for nutrient and waste exchange between blood and cells
[citation:2][citation:4].




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, Question 7
Describe the differences between positive and negative feedback systems.


Answer: A positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's
controlled conditions, moving the system further away from its set point. A negative feedback
system will reverse a change in a controlled condition, bringing the system back toward its set
point [citation:2][citation:8].


Difficulty: Medium


Question 8
Hormonal or electrical signals are sent from the control center to the:
A) Receptors
B) Stimulus
C) Afferent pathway
D) Effectors
E) Efferent pathway


Answer: D


Rationale: The control center sends signals (efferent pathway) to effectors, which are muscles or
glands that carry out the response to bring the controlled condition back to normal [citation:2].


Question 9
A component that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the:
A) Receptor
B) Muscle
C) Response
D) Effector




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