IT R050 Exam Revision with complete
questions and correct answers
data manipulation - Correct Answer: Outcome: data is changed by a hacker. Usually to
meet
the needs of the cyber-security attacker
Impact to business: false data is used
Impact to customers: incorrect decisions being made,
or a lack of trust
Example: a news feed on Twitter is changed to
something untrue. This gets reported and creates panic,
confusion, or loss of reputation
data modification - Correct Answer: Outcome: data is changed by a hacker to benefit
them in
some way. May not be spotted for a while
Impact to business: theft or fraud against them
Impact to customers: increased costs to cover losses
Example: a bank account balance is fraudulently
increased
Data theft - at transit and in rest - Correct Answer: Outcome: data is stolen (hacking or
physical theft):
- Data theft in transit means is being sent or moved from
one location to another eg across the Internet or
through a private network.
- Data theft at rest means the data is stored on a
physical storage device or stored by an organisation
Denial of Service (DoS) attack - Correct Answer: Outcome: website users are unable to
access an
organisation's website
Impact to business: loss of business
Impact to customers: unable to use a service
Example: if a bank is attacked, customers may not be
able to access their funds, pay bills, transfer money
Identity theft - Correct Answer: Outcome: personal details are stolen (theft)
Impact to business: stolen cash or goods
Impact to customers: customer may have to prove they
didn't take out loans etc
Example: a person's identity is stolen and used to take
out a bank loan in their name (fraud). They may face
, serious problems proving their innocence
adware - Correct Answer: What it does
Adware generates revenue for its author
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
botnet - Correct Answer: What it does
A botnet, and the person who created it, attempts to take control of digital systems.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
ransomware - Correct Answer: What it does
Ransomware holds a computer system captive and demands a ransom, usually money,
to release it.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
spyware - Correct Answer: What it does
Spyware can collect data from an infected digital system, including personal;
information like websites visited, user logins and financial information.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
trojan horse - Correct Answer: What it does
A Trojan horse is a standalone malicious programme designed to give full control of an
infected digital system to another digital system.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
virus - Correct Answer: What it does
A virus attempts to make a computer system unreliable.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
questions and correct answers
data manipulation - Correct Answer: Outcome: data is changed by a hacker. Usually to
meet
the needs of the cyber-security attacker
Impact to business: false data is used
Impact to customers: incorrect decisions being made,
or a lack of trust
Example: a news feed on Twitter is changed to
something untrue. This gets reported and creates panic,
confusion, or loss of reputation
data modification - Correct Answer: Outcome: data is changed by a hacker to benefit
them in
some way. May not be spotted for a while
Impact to business: theft or fraud against them
Impact to customers: increased costs to cover losses
Example: a bank account balance is fraudulently
increased
Data theft - at transit and in rest - Correct Answer: Outcome: data is stolen (hacking or
physical theft):
- Data theft in transit means is being sent or moved from
one location to another eg across the Internet or
through a private network.
- Data theft at rest means the data is stored on a
physical storage device or stored by an organisation
Denial of Service (DoS) attack - Correct Answer: Outcome: website users are unable to
access an
organisation's website
Impact to business: loss of business
Impact to customers: unable to use a service
Example: if a bank is attacked, customers may not be
able to access their funds, pay bills, transfer money
Identity theft - Correct Answer: Outcome: personal details are stolen (theft)
Impact to business: stolen cash or goods
Impact to customers: customer may have to prove they
didn't take out loans etc
Example: a person's identity is stolen and used to take
out a bank loan in their name (fraud). They may face
, serious problems proving their innocence
adware - Correct Answer: What it does
Adware generates revenue for its author
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
botnet - Correct Answer: What it does
A botnet, and the person who created it, attempts to take control of digital systems.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
ransomware - Correct Answer: What it does
Ransomware holds a computer system captive and demands a ransom, usually money,
to release it.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
spyware - Correct Answer: What it does
Spyware can collect data from an infected digital system, including personal;
information like websites visited, user logins and financial information.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
trojan horse - Correct Answer: What it does
A Trojan horse is a standalone malicious programme designed to give full control of an
infected digital system to another digital system.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
virus - Correct Answer: What it does
A virus attempts to make a computer system unreliable.
How to mitigate
Install, run and keep updated a security software package. Do not open any files from
an unknown source. Do not click any links in emails
