Test Bank for Biochemistry, 7th Edition
Nucleoid - answer-The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located, not enclosed by a
membrane.
Eukaryotes - answer-Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear
envelope.
Nuclear envelope - answer-The double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in
eukaryotic cells.
Cell dimensions - answer-Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm
to 100 μm.
Archaea - answer-A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme
environments.
Chemoheterotroph - answer-An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and
energy.
Organelles - answer-Specialized subunits within a cell, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, and peroxisomes.
Noncovalent interaction - answer-Interactions like hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions,
ionic interactions, and van der Waals interactions that maintain macromolecular structure.
Carbon - answer-One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
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, Tetrahedral - answer-The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds around carbon in
methane (CH4).
Proteome - answer-The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
Chemoautotrophs - answer-Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and
CO2 as a carbon source.
Stereospecificity - answer-The property of a reaction or process to produce a specific
stereoisomer.
Dynamic steady state - answer-A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable overall condition.
Exothermic - answer-A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - answer-The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
Enzymes - answer-Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
Anabolic - answer-Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from
simpler precursors.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - answer-The molecule that carries hereditary information in cells.
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Nucleoid - answer-The region in a bacterial cell where the DNA is located, not enclosed by a
membrane.
Eukaryotes - answer-Organisms with cells containing a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear
envelope.
Nuclear envelope - answer-The double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in
eukaryotic cells.
Cell dimensions - answer-Living cells usually have lengths and diameters in the range of 0.1 μm
to 100 μm.
Archaea - answer-A group of single-celled microorganisms found growing in extreme
environments.
Chemoheterotroph - answer-An organism that requires organic molecules for growth and
energy.
Organelles - answer-Specialized subunits within a cell, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, and peroxisomes.
Noncovalent interaction - answer-Interactions like hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions,
ionic interactions, and van der Waals interactions that maintain macromolecular structure.
Carbon - answer-One of the four most abundant elements in living organisms.
1
, Tetrahedral - answer-The geometry formed by the four covalent bonds around carbon in
methane (CH4).
Proteome - answer-The catalog of all proteins functioning in a cell.
Chemoautotrophs - answer-Organisms that use inorganic compounds as energy sources and
CO2 as a carbon source.
Stereospecificity - answer-The property of a reaction or process to produce a specific
stereoisomer.
Dynamic steady state - answer-A state in which a system is in a constant state of change but
maintains a stable overall condition.
Exothermic - answer-A chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - answer-The major carrier of chemical energy in all cells.
Enzymes - answer-Biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by decreasing the
activation energy.
Anabolic - answer-Energy-requiring metabolic pathways that yield complex molecules from
simpler precursors.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - answer-The molecule that carries hereditary information in cells.
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