Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 4 -100
ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWER 2026/2027 LATEST EXAM
UPDATE GUARANTEE HIGH PASS MARK
SECTION 1: OXYGENATION & RESPIRATORY CARE
Questions 1–20
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is
receiving oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. Which assessment finding indicates the need to
decrease the oxygen flow rate?
A) Respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute
B) Oxygen saturation of 91%
C) Client reports feeling "more tired than usual"
D) Client is difficult to arouse
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Clients with COPD may have chronic hypercapnia and rely on a hypoxic drive to
breathe. Excessive oxygen can decrease the respiratory drive, leading to carbon dioxide
retention and respiratory depression. Difficulty arousing indicates possible CO₂ narcosis,
requiring immediate assessment and potential oxygen reduction .
Question 2
A nurse is preparing to suction a client who has a tracheostomy. Place the following steps in the
correct order.
A) Apply suction while withdrawing the catheter
B) Hyperoxygenate the client
C) Insert the catheter without suction
,D) Apply suction intermittently while rotating the catheter
E) Advance the catheter until resistance is met
Correct answers in order: B, C, E, A
Rationale: The correct order is: hyperoxygenate, insert catheter without suction, advance until
resistance (carina), then apply suction while withdrawing. Intermittent suction during withdrawal
(rotating the catheter) is correct technique. Applying suction during insertion causes trauma to
the mucosa and should be avoided .
Question 3
The nurse assesses a client's respiratory status. Which observation indicates that the client is
experiencing difficulty breathing?
A) Diaphragmatic breathing
B) Pursed-lip breathing
C) Contraction of neck muscles during inspiration
D) symmetrical chest expansion
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Contraction of neck muscles (accessory muscle use) indicates increased work of
breathing and respiratory distress. Diaphragmatic breathing is a normal relaxation technique;
pursed-lip breathing helps COPD clients; symmetrical chest expansion is normal .
Question 4
What is the expected reference range for adult oxygen saturation (SpO₂)?
A) 85% to 90%
B) 90% to 95%
C) 95% to 100%
D) 80% to 85%
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Normal oxygen saturation for healthy adults is 95% to 100%. Values below 90%
indicate hypoxemia requiring intervention. Clients with chronic lung disease may have lower
baseline saturations .
, Question 5
The nurse is teaching a client with pneumonia about deep breathing exercises. Which
instruction should the nurse include?
A) "Take shallow, rapid breaths to conserve energy"
B) "Inhale deeply through your mouth and exhale through your nose"
C) "Hold each breath for 5 seconds after inhaling"
D) "Avoid coughing to prevent spreading infection"
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Deep breathing exercises should include holding the breath for 3-5 seconds after
inhalation to promote lung expansion and improve oxygenation. Coughing is essential to clear
secretions. Deep, slow breaths are more effective than shallow rapid ones .
Question 6
A nurse is caring for a client on mechanical ventilation. Which intervention is most important to
prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
A) Suction the client every 2 hours
B) Maintain head of bed elevation at 30-45 degrees
C) Change ventilator tubing daily
D) Administer prophylactic antibiotics
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees reduces aspiration risk, which is the
most important intervention for VAP prevention. Tubing changes are not recommended daily;
suctioning is performed as needed, not on a fixed schedule. Antibiotics are not used
prophylactically for VAP .
Question 7
Which adventitious breath sound is characterized by continuous, high-pitched whistling sounds
heard during expiration?
ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWER 2026/2027 LATEST EXAM
UPDATE GUARANTEE HIGH PASS MARK
SECTION 1: OXYGENATION & RESPIRATORY CARE
Questions 1–20
Question 1
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is
receiving oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula. Which assessment finding indicates the need to
decrease the oxygen flow rate?
A) Respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute
B) Oxygen saturation of 91%
C) Client reports feeling "more tired than usual"
D) Client is difficult to arouse
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Clients with COPD may have chronic hypercapnia and rely on a hypoxic drive to
breathe. Excessive oxygen can decrease the respiratory drive, leading to carbon dioxide
retention and respiratory depression. Difficulty arousing indicates possible CO₂ narcosis,
requiring immediate assessment and potential oxygen reduction .
Question 2
A nurse is preparing to suction a client who has a tracheostomy. Place the following steps in the
correct order.
A) Apply suction while withdrawing the catheter
B) Hyperoxygenate the client
C) Insert the catheter without suction
,D) Apply suction intermittently while rotating the catheter
E) Advance the catheter until resistance is met
Correct answers in order: B, C, E, A
Rationale: The correct order is: hyperoxygenate, insert catheter without suction, advance until
resistance (carina), then apply suction while withdrawing. Intermittent suction during withdrawal
(rotating the catheter) is correct technique. Applying suction during insertion causes trauma to
the mucosa and should be avoided .
Question 3
The nurse assesses a client's respiratory status. Which observation indicates that the client is
experiencing difficulty breathing?
A) Diaphragmatic breathing
B) Pursed-lip breathing
C) Contraction of neck muscles during inspiration
D) symmetrical chest expansion
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Contraction of neck muscles (accessory muscle use) indicates increased work of
breathing and respiratory distress. Diaphragmatic breathing is a normal relaxation technique;
pursed-lip breathing helps COPD clients; symmetrical chest expansion is normal .
Question 4
What is the expected reference range for adult oxygen saturation (SpO₂)?
A) 85% to 90%
B) 90% to 95%
C) 95% to 100%
D) 80% to 85%
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Normal oxygen saturation for healthy adults is 95% to 100%. Values below 90%
indicate hypoxemia requiring intervention. Clients with chronic lung disease may have lower
baseline saturations .
, Question 5
The nurse is teaching a client with pneumonia about deep breathing exercises. Which
instruction should the nurse include?
A) "Take shallow, rapid breaths to conserve energy"
B) "Inhale deeply through your mouth and exhale through your nose"
C) "Hold each breath for 5 seconds after inhaling"
D) "Avoid coughing to prevent spreading infection"
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Deep breathing exercises should include holding the breath for 3-5 seconds after
inhalation to promote lung expansion and improve oxygenation. Coughing is essential to clear
secretions. Deep, slow breaths are more effective than shallow rapid ones .
Question 6
A nurse is caring for a client on mechanical ventilation. Which intervention is most important to
prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
A) Suction the client every 2 hours
B) Maintain head of bed elevation at 30-45 degrees
C) Change ventilator tubing daily
D) Administer prophylactic antibiotics
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees reduces aspiration risk, which is the
most important intervention for VAP prevention. Tubing changes are not recommended daily;
suctioning is performed as needed, not on a fixed schedule. Antibiotics are not used
prophylactically for VAP .
Question 7
Which adventitious breath sound is characterized by continuous, high-pitched whistling sounds
heard during expiration?
