TEST BANK d
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
D D D D D D D D
8th Edition
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Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
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2
Contents
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ................................................................................................................... 4
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Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents .................................. 18
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Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ................ 31
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Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases ....................................................................................... 44
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Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases ............................................... 55
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Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease ................................................................................................. 63
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Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing .............................................. 68
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Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity ........................................................................................................... 83
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Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation............................................................... 95
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Chapter 10: Infection ............................................................................................................................108
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Chapter 11: Stress and Disease ........................................................................................................117
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Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ................................................................................................................124
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Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology ......................................................................................................137
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Chapter 14: Cancer in Children ........................................................................................................143
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Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System...............................................148
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function...............................159
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Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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...................................................................................................................................................................174
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the
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d Neuromuscular Junction d
...................................................................................................................................................................188
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders .........199
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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children.......................................................206
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .........................................................................213
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Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ...........................................................................222
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Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition..........................................................................234
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Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems .........................................239
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Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System...................................................249
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Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ......................................................259
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Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections ....................................................................................265
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Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System ............................................273
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3
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function.............................. 283
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Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ....................................................... 293
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children ........................................................ 300
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ................ 311
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Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................................ 324
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Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children ...................................................... 338
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System .................................................... 346
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function................................................................................... 356
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children ........................................................... 373
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems ................................ 381
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ...................................................... 391
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ............................... 401
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Chapter 41: Structure Function of the Digestive System ....................................................... 409
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and d
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function ..................................................................................... 421
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Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children.............................................................. 432
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Chapter 44: Structure Function of the Musculoskeletal System............................................ 441
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Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function.................................................................... 453
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ..............................................466
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Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument........................................475
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Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................486
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Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults...............494
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Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children ...........502
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, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
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dChildren 4
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. d d d
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
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c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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d. Cells can synthesize fats. d d d
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
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d their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
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d cellular metabolic absorption. d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering d d
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
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RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
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histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for
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dcellular respiration and energy production.d d d d
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
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function as the intracellular digestive system.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering d d
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
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oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
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reaction?
d
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
THE BIOLOGIC BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN
D D D D D D D D
8th Edition
d
Kathryn L. McCance, Sue E. Huether
d d d d d
, b d c db d
2
Contents
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology ................................................................................................................... 4
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Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents .................................. 18
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Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases ................ 31
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Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases ....................................................................................... 44
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Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases ............................................... 55
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Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease ................................................................................................. 63
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Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing .............................................. 68
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Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity ........................................................................................................... 83
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Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation............................................................... 95
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Chapter 10: Infection ............................................................................................................................108
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Chapter 11: Stress and Disease ........................................................................................................117
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Chapter 12: Cancer Biology ................................................................................................................124
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Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology ......................................................................................................137
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Chapter 14: Cancer in Children ........................................................................................................143
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Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System...............................................148
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function...............................159
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Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
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...................................................................................................................................................................174
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the
d d d d d d d d d d d
d Neuromuscular Junction d
...................................................................................................................................................................188
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders .........199
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Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children.......................................................206
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation .........................................................................213
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Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation ...........................................................................222
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Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition..........................................................................234
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Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems .........................................239
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Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System...................................................249
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Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System ......................................................259
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Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections ....................................................................................265
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Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System ............................................273
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, b d c db d
3
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function.............................. 283
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Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function ....................................................... 293
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Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children ........................................................ 300
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Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems ................ 311
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Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function ............................................................................ 324
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Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children ...................................................... 338
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Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System .................................................... 346
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Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function................................................................................... 356
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Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children ........................................................... 373
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Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems ................................ 381
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function ...................................................... 391
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Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children ............................... 401
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Chapter 41: Structure Function of the Digestive System ....................................................... 409
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and d
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function ..................................................................................... 421
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Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children.............................................................. 432
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Chapter 44: Structure Function of the Musculoskeletal System............................................ 441
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Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function.................................................................... 453
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children ..............................................466
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Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument........................................475
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Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children ............................................................486
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Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults...............494
d d d d d d d d d d
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children ...........502
d d d d d d d d d d
, Test Bank - Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and
d d d d d d d d d d d b d c db d
dChildren 4
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
d d d
MULTIPLE CHOICE d
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
d d d d d d d d d
a. Cells can produce proteins. d d d
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
d d d d
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d d d d d d
d. Cells can synthesize fats. d d d
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
d their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
d d d d d d d d d d d
d cellular metabolic absorption. d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering d d
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
d d d d d d d d d d d d
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of
d d d d d d d d d d d
RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
histones, which regulate its activity. The mitochondria are responsible for
d d d d d d d d d d
dcellular respiration and energy production.d d d d
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes
d d d d d d d d d d d
function as the intracellular digestive system.
d d d d d d
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering d d
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
d d d d d d d d d d
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
d d d d d d d d d d d
reaction?
d
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
