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NSG223 / NSG 223 Med Surg II Exam 2 Review – Questions & Verified Answers (2026 Update) – Herzing

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This 26-page Med Surg II exam review contains verified questions and answers for NSG223 at Herzing. Covers acid-base imbalances (respiratory acidosis/alkalosis, metabolic acidosis/alkalosis) with ABG interpretation examples, causes, symptoms, and treatments. Includes hepatitis (A, B, C, drug-induced) transmission, risk factors, prevention, and management. Comprehensive coverage of pulmonary embolism (PE) signs, D-dimer, CT angiography, anticoagulant vs thrombolytic therapy, and patient education. Cirrhosis of the liver (causes, symptoms, lactulose, paracentesis, esophageal varices precautions). Pancreatitis (acute vs chronic, amylase/lipase, NPO, opioid pain management). Acute kidney injury (RIFLE classification, pre-renal/intrarenal/post-renal causes, oliguric phase, Kayexalate for hyperkalemia). Chronic kidney disease/ESRD (asterixis, ammonia breath, erythropoietin, dialysis access: AV fistula/graft care, peritoneal dialysis). Pulmonary edema (blood-tinged sputum, dangling legs, diuretics). Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (PEEP, prone positioning, train of four, neuromuscular blockers).

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NSG223- NSG 223 Exam 2 (New 2026-2026
Update) Med Surg II Review Questions and
Verified Answers 100% Correct A Grade –
Herzing
Question
causes for respiratory acidosis

Answer:
- pneumonia
- pulmonary edema
- cardiac arrest
- chronic obesity (due to sleep apnea)***
- COPD
- emphysema



Question
treatment for respiratory acidosis

Answer:
- improve ventilation
- apply oxygen
- semi-Fowler position



Question
symptoms of respiratory acidosis

Answer:
- low pH, high PaCO2
- suddenly increased heart rate, respirations, and BP
- shallow breaths
- disorientation
- hyperkalemia
- hypercalcemia

,Question
causes for respiratory alkalosis

Answer:
- hyperventilation
- anxiety
- pain




Question
treatment for respiratory alkalosis

Answer:
- breathe into a bag to get the acid back
- rebreather mask
- correct cause of hyperventilation



Question
symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

Answer:
- high pH, low PaCO2
- light headedness
- hypokalemia
- hypocalcemia
- fast respirations
- seizures
- tingling in the extremities



Question
causes for metabolic acidosis

Answer:
- diabetes
- diarrhea

, - kidney disease
- hypocalcemia



Question
treatment for metabolic acidosis

Answer:
- correct calcium levels first with
bicarbonate (monitor Na levels)***
- Kussmaul breathing (deep, rapid breaths)
- avoid phosphate drinks (dark soda)



Question
symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Answer:
- hyperkalemia
- headache
- confusion
- drowsiness
- nausea/vomiting
- decreased BP
- increased respirations



Question
causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer:
- vomiting
- NG suction
- long-term diuretic use



Question
treatment for metabolic alkalosis

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