Pathophysiology Exam 4 (ANSWERED)
CORRECTLY TO SCORE A+
Define renal failure - Correct Answers ✅75% of the
nephron total mass is gone
How many nephrons are in each kidney? - Correct Answers
✅Close to 1 million per kidney
What is the "All Nephrons Diseased" hypothesis? - Correct
Answers ✅When some kind of insult happens to the kidney,
all nephrons are injured to some degree b/c they are
vulnerable and delicate.
What is the "Intact Nephron" hypothesis? - Correct Answers
✅Nephrons are vulnerable, however; when something
happens to a nephron it is all or nothing - it is either
destroyed or unaffected and intact.
How does the kidney respond to an insult of nephrons? -
Correct Answers ✅We sometimes find that intact nephrons
hypertrophy to help take up the slack.
What common condition is seen when we lose too many
nephrons? - Correct Answers ✅Uremia
What is Uremia? - Correct Answers ✅Retention of
nitrogenous containing substances in the blood.
,Pathophysiology Exam 4 (ANSWERED)
CORRECTLY TO SCORE A+
What is our most severe symptom of renal failure? - Correct
Answers ✅Glomerulus filtration defecit
Explain Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) - Correct Answers
✅GFR is the amount of plasma that is filtered through your
glomerulus per minute. Your body should filter your entire
blood volume through your kidneys every 20 minutes.
What can also affect GFR? - Correct Answers ✅Infections,
inflammatory diseases, hyper/hypotension, SLE, diabetes and
toxic substances
What are causative organisms for UTI? - Correct Answers
✅80% E. coli
10% proteus
90% caused by gram negative rods
What is the treatment for UTI? - Correct Answers ✅Since
90% are caused by gram negative rods, we will not culture it,
but prescribe an antibiotic which targets these organsisms. If
UTI is recurring, we will culture it.
What population is most likely to get a UTI and why? -
Correct Answers ✅Females are most likely due to their
short urethra.
, Pathophysiology Exam 4 (ANSWERED)
CORRECTLY TO SCORE A+
Why are pregnant women especially prone to getting UTI's? -
Correct Answers ✅As pregnancy progresses, your estrogen
and progestin levels increase. Progestin relaxes smooth
muscle which surround your urethra. Your urethra gets bigger
and is more commonly infected since it is easier to infect a
large tube than a small tube.
What is "Nature's Way" of protecting us from UTI's? - Correct
Answers ✅Peeing. Everytime you pee you flush out the
urethra which is why we don't get them all the time.
What is urethritis? - Correct Answers ✅An inflammatory
process of the urethra without concurrent bladder infection.
This is usually, but not always. caused by an STD.
What is cystitis? - Correct Answers ✅Infection of the
bladder, results mucosal inflammation and congestion. This
causes detrusor muscle hyperactivity and a resulting
decrease of bladder capacity. If it goes untreated, it can send
bacteria all the way to the kidney causing acute or chronic
pyelonephritis.
What is pyelonephritis? - Correct Answers ✅A kidney
infection. 90% of the time, it is caused by
glomerulonephrititis (GN); an inflammatory disease.
CORRECTLY TO SCORE A+
Define renal failure - Correct Answers ✅75% of the
nephron total mass is gone
How many nephrons are in each kidney? - Correct Answers
✅Close to 1 million per kidney
What is the "All Nephrons Diseased" hypothesis? - Correct
Answers ✅When some kind of insult happens to the kidney,
all nephrons are injured to some degree b/c they are
vulnerable and delicate.
What is the "Intact Nephron" hypothesis? - Correct Answers
✅Nephrons are vulnerable, however; when something
happens to a nephron it is all or nothing - it is either
destroyed or unaffected and intact.
How does the kidney respond to an insult of nephrons? -
Correct Answers ✅We sometimes find that intact nephrons
hypertrophy to help take up the slack.
What common condition is seen when we lose too many
nephrons? - Correct Answers ✅Uremia
What is Uremia? - Correct Answers ✅Retention of
nitrogenous containing substances in the blood.
,Pathophysiology Exam 4 (ANSWERED)
CORRECTLY TO SCORE A+
What is our most severe symptom of renal failure? - Correct
Answers ✅Glomerulus filtration defecit
Explain Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) - Correct Answers
✅GFR is the amount of plasma that is filtered through your
glomerulus per minute. Your body should filter your entire
blood volume through your kidneys every 20 minutes.
What can also affect GFR? - Correct Answers ✅Infections,
inflammatory diseases, hyper/hypotension, SLE, diabetes and
toxic substances
What are causative organisms for UTI? - Correct Answers
✅80% E. coli
10% proteus
90% caused by gram negative rods
What is the treatment for UTI? - Correct Answers ✅Since
90% are caused by gram negative rods, we will not culture it,
but prescribe an antibiotic which targets these organsisms. If
UTI is recurring, we will culture it.
What population is most likely to get a UTI and why? -
Correct Answers ✅Females are most likely due to their
short urethra.
, Pathophysiology Exam 4 (ANSWERED)
CORRECTLY TO SCORE A+
Why are pregnant women especially prone to getting UTI's? -
Correct Answers ✅As pregnancy progresses, your estrogen
and progestin levels increase. Progestin relaxes smooth
muscle which surround your urethra. Your urethra gets bigger
and is more commonly infected since it is easier to infect a
large tube than a small tube.
What is "Nature's Way" of protecting us from UTI's? - Correct
Answers ✅Peeing. Everytime you pee you flush out the
urethra which is why we don't get them all the time.
What is urethritis? - Correct Answers ✅An inflammatory
process of the urethra without concurrent bladder infection.
This is usually, but not always. caused by an STD.
What is cystitis? - Correct Answers ✅Infection of the
bladder, results mucosal inflammation and congestion. This
causes detrusor muscle hyperactivity and a resulting
decrease of bladder capacity. If it goes untreated, it can send
bacteria all the way to the kidney causing acute or chronic
pyelonephritis.
What is pyelonephritis? - Correct Answers ✅A kidney
infection. 90% of the time, it is caused by
glomerulonephrititis (GN); an inflammatory disease.
