L1: Global development and connections: Health, human rights and intervention
EQ1: What is human development and why do levels vary from place to place
● Development: The use of resources to improve the quality of life in a country.
● Development Gap: The difference in income and the quality of life in general between
the richest and poorest countries in the world.
● Measures:
○ GNI
○ HDI
○ PQLI (physical quality of life index)
Models of Development
The Brandt Line
● Outdated- does not represent emerging economies such as BRICs and other trade
groups.Places such as china and india are getting more developed (China’s 2000s
economic boost)
HDI
● a composite measure
● does not measure environmental development
Development itself is not without problems
● economic development may be unsustainable for some countries if they have high levels
of pollution affecting human health
Development approaches also vary between countries:
● Although the ‘Western’ economic approach is the most common, some countries try to
follow a more socialist or environmentally sustainable path.
Factors Examples
Physical Resources ● Water availability,
● Quality of mineral deposits
● Harsh environments,
● Access to raw materials
● Natural soil quality
● Agricultural potential
Social ● Gender equality
● Population and dependency levels
● Birth rates and population policy (china/singapore policies)
, ● Education levels and workforce skills
● Infrastructure quality (roads,phones, technology)
Economic ● Gene efficient gap
● Minimum wage
● Working standard
● Capitalist based economy- less red tape
● Stage of industrial development
● Location of TNCs
● Trade links
● Level of importing and exporting
● Domestic and international industry development
Political ● Democracy
● Commitment of gov to take action
● Level and conditions of investment
● Level of debt
● Corruption
● Systems of government
● Dictators
● International relations(trade unions/pacts/organisation)
Sharia Law
To what extent does it contest western development?
● Non-secular as religion and morality are not separated such as sharia law in Iraq which
is enshrined in the constitution stating ‘no law can be passed that contradicts the
undisputed laws of Islam’ - law is intertwined with religion
● Some muslim countries interpret this with an authoritarian approach and is flexible to
modern human rights
● It has also been used to restrict the rights of women
● In Egypt, the supreme constitutional court asserts jurisdiction over Islamic law.
Democracy is a western ideal
, L2: Improvements in environmental quality, health, life expectancy and human rights
What is the relationship between economic development and life expectancy?
● Development gap between the world is the largest its ever been.Countries have all
gained a life expectancy above 40 but the western world is much more development
● Positive correlation
● Limitations: unable to see development within countries
What is the key factor influencing life expectancy and therefore health?
● Economic gain affects life expectancy the higher the GDP per capita is, the better
institutions for healthcare and quality of life.
Compare the progress made by China and USA respectively in the past 200 years.
● 1809- China and the US are in similar economic positions but China's economy was
declining while the US was growing.
● Health started to improve in the 30s for the US.
● Modern China moved away from its communist roots during the 50s and 60s and started
to make progress.
● 1960s massive gap in life expectancy (50s for china and 70s for USA).
● Early 2000s China had vast economic growth.
What is human health?
● Defined by The WHO : A state of complete mental physical and social wellbeing, and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
● Good health is a fundamental human right
The Health Map
● Green: external factors
● Light Blue: more control
● Center: traits you are born with
● Showcases how social equality is
dependent on a variety of social,
economic, political environmental
factors
, L3: To explain the importance of education as a factor in development
● Education is central to economic development
Development should focus on:
● Health
● Life expectancy
● Human rights
➢ However, economic growth is frequently based on the exploitation of natural resources
and has adverse impacts on the environment.
➢ Strong level of correlation of children attending school,people who attend
university,literacy percentage and the level of a country's development status.
➢ Gender gap in literacy rates is higher in areas of The Brandt Line compared to places
such as Africa which has a large gap in literacy rates between both sexes.
Factors Affecting Health
Climate Change and Health
● Altering weather patterns, changes in water,air and food quantity and quality,how much
a country is affected depends on the population's vulnerability and their ability to adapt.
● Heatwave in Europe summer 2003 death toll 7000 ,urban areas have insufficient cooling
and poor air exchange due to less forestation.
● Can cause water borne diseases- Asian Tiger mosquito moving into europe from Africa
and Asia (Bulgaria)
● Increase emissions
● 75% of Europeans live in urban areas expected to increase by 80% by 2020.
● Health in children and adults better in natural environments
Pesticides in the environment have potential for unintended impacts to wildlife and humans
● Disrupt biological processes eg affecting neurotransmission or mimicking hormones
● Issues with spraying near water/food resources = contamination
● Human food supply and aquatic environment have pesticides
● EU Thematic Strategy is to minimise the risks to health,controlling pesticide use and
distribution
● Pesticides in surface and ground waters in europe can exceed environmental quality
standards= not all chemicals captured
Air quality has improved but major health threats remain
● Europe has had successful reduction of levels of SO2 and CO in air bc of unleaded
petrol.
● Lead concentrations have also declined
EQ1: What is human development and why do levels vary from place to place
● Development: The use of resources to improve the quality of life in a country.
● Development Gap: The difference in income and the quality of life in general between
the richest and poorest countries in the world.
● Measures:
○ GNI
○ HDI
○ PQLI (physical quality of life index)
Models of Development
The Brandt Line
● Outdated- does not represent emerging economies such as BRICs and other trade
groups.Places such as china and india are getting more developed (China’s 2000s
economic boost)
HDI
● a composite measure
● does not measure environmental development
Development itself is not without problems
● economic development may be unsustainable for some countries if they have high levels
of pollution affecting human health
Development approaches also vary between countries:
● Although the ‘Western’ economic approach is the most common, some countries try to
follow a more socialist or environmentally sustainable path.
Factors Examples
Physical Resources ● Water availability,
● Quality of mineral deposits
● Harsh environments,
● Access to raw materials
● Natural soil quality
● Agricultural potential
Social ● Gender equality
● Population and dependency levels
● Birth rates and population policy (china/singapore policies)
, ● Education levels and workforce skills
● Infrastructure quality (roads,phones, technology)
Economic ● Gene efficient gap
● Minimum wage
● Working standard
● Capitalist based economy- less red tape
● Stage of industrial development
● Location of TNCs
● Trade links
● Level of importing and exporting
● Domestic and international industry development
Political ● Democracy
● Commitment of gov to take action
● Level and conditions of investment
● Level of debt
● Corruption
● Systems of government
● Dictators
● International relations(trade unions/pacts/organisation)
Sharia Law
To what extent does it contest western development?
● Non-secular as religion and morality are not separated such as sharia law in Iraq which
is enshrined in the constitution stating ‘no law can be passed that contradicts the
undisputed laws of Islam’ - law is intertwined with religion
● Some muslim countries interpret this with an authoritarian approach and is flexible to
modern human rights
● It has also been used to restrict the rights of women
● In Egypt, the supreme constitutional court asserts jurisdiction over Islamic law.
Democracy is a western ideal
, L2: Improvements in environmental quality, health, life expectancy and human rights
What is the relationship between economic development and life expectancy?
● Development gap between the world is the largest its ever been.Countries have all
gained a life expectancy above 40 but the western world is much more development
● Positive correlation
● Limitations: unable to see development within countries
What is the key factor influencing life expectancy and therefore health?
● Economic gain affects life expectancy the higher the GDP per capita is, the better
institutions for healthcare and quality of life.
Compare the progress made by China and USA respectively in the past 200 years.
● 1809- China and the US are in similar economic positions but China's economy was
declining while the US was growing.
● Health started to improve in the 30s for the US.
● Modern China moved away from its communist roots during the 50s and 60s and started
to make progress.
● 1960s massive gap in life expectancy (50s for china and 70s for USA).
● Early 2000s China had vast economic growth.
What is human health?
● Defined by The WHO : A state of complete mental physical and social wellbeing, and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity
● Good health is a fundamental human right
The Health Map
● Green: external factors
● Light Blue: more control
● Center: traits you are born with
● Showcases how social equality is
dependent on a variety of social,
economic, political environmental
factors
, L3: To explain the importance of education as a factor in development
● Education is central to economic development
Development should focus on:
● Health
● Life expectancy
● Human rights
➢ However, economic growth is frequently based on the exploitation of natural resources
and has adverse impacts on the environment.
➢ Strong level of correlation of children attending school,people who attend
university,literacy percentage and the level of a country's development status.
➢ Gender gap in literacy rates is higher in areas of The Brandt Line compared to places
such as Africa which has a large gap in literacy rates between both sexes.
Factors Affecting Health
Climate Change and Health
● Altering weather patterns, changes in water,air and food quantity and quality,how much
a country is affected depends on the population's vulnerability and their ability to adapt.
● Heatwave in Europe summer 2003 death toll 7000 ,urban areas have insufficient cooling
and poor air exchange due to less forestation.
● Can cause water borne diseases- Asian Tiger mosquito moving into europe from Africa
and Asia (Bulgaria)
● Increase emissions
● 75% of Europeans live in urban areas expected to increase by 80% by 2020.
● Health in children and adults better in natural environments
Pesticides in the environment have potential for unintended impacts to wildlife and humans
● Disrupt biological processes eg affecting neurotransmission or mimicking hormones
● Issues with spraying near water/food resources = contamination
● Human food supply and aquatic environment have pesticides
● EU Thematic Strategy is to minimise the risks to health,controlling pesticide use and
distribution
● Pesticides in surface and ground waters in europe can exceed environmental quality
standards= not all chemicals captured
Air quality has improved but major health threats remain
● Europe has had successful reduction of levels of SO2 and CO in air bc of unleaded
petrol.
● Lead concentrations have also declined
