COMPREHENSIVE OT AND ADA
GUIDELINES FOR GERIATRICS,
COGNITION, AND DYSPHAGIA. EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Low endurance testing rule - ANS Avoid long exhausting standardized testing; use chart
review, observation, brief interviews, COPM/OCAIRS, and partial assessment.
Functional OT answer rule - ANS The best OT answer usually improves ADL/IADL,
participation, routine, safety, caregiver carryover, or environmental fit.
ADA purpose - ANS Civil rights law preventing disability discrimination and promoting equal
access in employment, government services, public accommodations, telecom, and anti-
retaliation.
ADA Title I - ANS Employment: employers with 15+ employees must provide equal
employment opportunity and reasonable accommodations unless undue hardship.
Reasonable accommodation - ANS Employment change that helps a qualified person perform
essential job functions, such as modified schedule, adaptive equipment, job restructuring, or
ergonomic setup.
Undue hardship - ANS Employer does not have to provide accommodation if it causes
significant difficulty or expense.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 17
,Qualified individual - ANS Person who meets job requirements and can perform essential job
functions with or without reasonable accommodation.
ADA Title II - ANS State/local government: public entities must provide equal access to
programs, services, activities, public schools, courts, voting, parks, and public transportation.
ADA Title III - ANS Public accommodations: private businesses open to the public must
provide access, reasonable modifications, effective communication, and readily achievable
barrier removal.
ADA Title IV - ANS Telecommunications: requires relay/captioned communication access for
people with hearing or speech disabilities.
ADA Title V - ANS Miscellaneous/anti-retaliation: protects people from retaliation or coercion
for asserting ADA rights.
Reasonable modification - ANS Policy/procedure change for access under Title II/III unless it
fundamentally alters the service.
Effective communication - ANS Covered entities must communicate accessibly through
interpreters, captions, written materials, accessible formats, or other supports.
Fundamental alteration - ANS Change that would alter the essential nature of a
program/service/business; not required under Title II/III.
Readily achievable barrier removal - ANS Physical barrier removal that is easily
accomplishable without much difficulty or expense.
Cognition - ANS Brain's ability to process, store, retrieve, and manipulate information;
includes judgment, decision-making, and environmental awareness.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 17
, Visual foundation skills - ANS Visual acuity, visual fields, oculomotor function, and scanning.
Cognitive screening examples - ANS Routine task observation, Allen Cognitive Level, AMPS,
BIT, EFPT, LOTCA, MMSE, MOCA, Rivermead memory/perception tests.
Remediation cognition - ANS Targets underlying skill/cause of cognitive symptoms.
Compensation cognition - ANS Treats symptoms through cues, routines, task adaptation,
environmental modification, and caregiver support.
Attention deficit - ANS Distractible, poor sustained/divided attention; intervene with reduced
distractions, shorter tasks, cueing, and graded attention demands.
Memory loss intervention - ANS Use memory aids, repetition, routines, checklists, calendars,
alarms, chunking, and temporal tags.
Executive dysfunction - ANS Poor planning, judgment, problem-solving, initiation, inhibition,
or self-monitoring; use structure, checklists, safety strategies, and functional tasks.
Ideational apraxia - ANS Does not know what to do with objects or task sequence; use
familiar objects, setup in order, and simple contextual cues.
Ideomotor apraxia - ANS Knows task but cannot perform movement on command; use
demonstration, real objects, tactile cues, and automatic contexts.
Agnosia - ANS Cannot recognize objects/people/sounds despite intact sensation; use labels,
familiar placement, and multisensory cues.
Astereognosis - ANS Cannot identify object by touch; use visual compensation, organization,
and safety checks.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 17
GUIDELINES FOR GERIATRICS,
COGNITION, AND DYSPHAGIA. EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
VERIFIED.
Low endurance testing rule - ANS Avoid long exhausting standardized testing; use chart
review, observation, brief interviews, COPM/OCAIRS, and partial assessment.
Functional OT answer rule - ANS The best OT answer usually improves ADL/IADL,
participation, routine, safety, caregiver carryover, or environmental fit.
ADA purpose - ANS Civil rights law preventing disability discrimination and promoting equal
access in employment, government services, public accommodations, telecom, and anti-
retaliation.
ADA Title I - ANS Employment: employers with 15+ employees must provide equal
employment opportunity and reasonable accommodations unless undue hardship.
Reasonable accommodation - ANS Employment change that helps a qualified person perform
essential job functions, such as modified schedule, adaptive equipment, job restructuring, or
ergonomic setup.
Undue hardship - ANS Employer does not have to provide accommodation if it causes
significant difficulty or expense.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 17
,Qualified individual - ANS Person who meets job requirements and can perform essential job
functions with or without reasonable accommodation.
ADA Title II - ANS State/local government: public entities must provide equal access to
programs, services, activities, public schools, courts, voting, parks, and public transportation.
ADA Title III - ANS Public accommodations: private businesses open to the public must
provide access, reasonable modifications, effective communication, and readily achievable
barrier removal.
ADA Title IV - ANS Telecommunications: requires relay/captioned communication access for
people with hearing or speech disabilities.
ADA Title V - ANS Miscellaneous/anti-retaliation: protects people from retaliation or coercion
for asserting ADA rights.
Reasonable modification - ANS Policy/procedure change for access under Title II/III unless it
fundamentally alters the service.
Effective communication - ANS Covered entities must communicate accessibly through
interpreters, captions, written materials, accessible formats, or other supports.
Fundamental alteration - ANS Change that would alter the essential nature of a
program/service/business; not required under Title II/III.
Readily achievable barrier removal - ANS Physical barrier removal that is easily
accomplishable without much difficulty or expense.
Cognition - ANS Brain's ability to process, store, retrieve, and manipulate information;
includes judgment, decision-making, and environmental awareness.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 17
, Visual foundation skills - ANS Visual acuity, visual fields, oculomotor function, and scanning.
Cognitive screening examples - ANS Routine task observation, Allen Cognitive Level, AMPS,
BIT, EFPT, LOTCA, MMSE, MOCA, Rivermead memory/perception tests.
Remediation cognition - ANS Targets underlying skill/cause of cognitive symptoms.
Compensation cognition - ANS Treats symptoms through cues, routines, task adaptation,
environmental modification, and caregiver support.
Attention deficit - ANS Distractible, poor sustained/divided attention; intervene with reduced
distractions, shorter tasks, cueing, and graded attention demands.
Memory loss intervention - ANS Use memory aids, repetition, routines, checklists, calendars,
alarms, chunking, and temporal tags.
Executive dysfunction - ANS Poor planning, judgment, problem-solving, initiation, inhibition,
or self-monitoring; use structure, checklists, safety strategies, and functional tasks.
Ideational apraxia - ANS Does not know what to do with objects or task sequence; use
familiar objects, setup in order, and simple contextual cues.
Ideomotor apraxia - ANS Knows task but cannot perform movement on command; use
demonstration, real objects, tactile cues, and automatic contexts.
Agnosia - ANS Cannot recognize objects/people/sounds despite intact sensation; use labels,
familiar placement, and multisensory cues.
Astereognosis - ANS Cannot identify object by touch; use visual compensation, organization,
and safety checks.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 17
