Page 1 of 74
20 May 2026
APEA Pathophysiology EXAM 2026/2027 AND
PRACTICE EXAM TESTBANK WITH A STUDY GUIDE |
ACCURATE AND VERIFIED 350 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FOR GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST
UPDATE
The pediatric orthopedic condition described as osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis due
to interrupted vascular supply that results in ischemia and alteration in cartilage growth is:
toxic synovitis.
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. - CORRECT ANSWER-Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
A 54-year-old woman reports left wrist stiffness at rest and with movement. An X-ray of the left
wrist identifies joint space narrowing, bony erosion in the joint, and reduced bone density
surrounding the joint. What is the probable diagnosis?
Bursitis
Osteoarthritis
Systemic lupus
Rheumatoid arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER-Rheumatoid arthritis
During pregnancy, relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increased intraabdominal
pressure can predispose a patient to:
anemia.
urinary tract infection.
aspiration.
Barrett's esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWER-aspiration.
A reduction in the number of red blood cells during pregnancy is due to:
hemolytic anemia.
pernicious anemia.
thalassemia.
iron deficiency anemia. - CORRECT ANSWER-iron deficiency anemia.
, Page 2 of 74
20 May 2026
The hormone that is responsible for stimulating the uterus to contract during labor is:
estrogen.
progesterone.
oxytocin.
antidiuretic hormone. - CORRECT ANSWER-oxytocin.
Which vitamin is essential for preventing neural tube deficits in the developing fetus?
Vitamin D
Calcium
Folate
Iron - CORRECT ANSWER-Folate
HELLP syndrome in pregnancy is primarily due to:
hepatomegaly.
increased sodium levels.
iron deficiency.
endothelial dysfunction. - CORRECT ANSWER-endothelial dysfunction.
Which of the following diseases can be a result of multifactorial inheritance?
Sickle cell anemia
Down syndrome
Diabetes
Huntington's disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes
Rare tumors that appear when cells in the uterus proliferate uncontrollably during pregnancy is
known as:
spontaneous abortion.
ectopic pregnancy.
trophoblastic disease.
placenta previa. - CORRECT ANSWER-trophoblastic disease.
, Page 3 of 74
20 May 2026
Causes of sore nipples related to breastfeeding include:
proper latch and functional sucking.
breaking suction with a finger.
introducing a pacifier too late.
infant nursing on the tip of the nipple. - CORRECT ANSWER-infant nursing on the tip of the nipple.
Postpartum depression has been linked to:
sleep deprivation.
hormonal imbalance.
weight gain.
thyroid dysregulation. - CORRECT ANSWER-hormonal imbalance.
Increased pressure in the rectal veins due to obstruction of venous return in pregnancy causes:
anal fissure.
hemorrhoids.
rectal polyp.
rectal prolapse. - CORRECT ANSWER-hemorrhoids.
Persistent, intractable vomiting during pregnancy is most likely caused by elevated levels of:
progestin.
prostaglandins.
oxytocin.
human chorionic gonadotropin. - CORRECT ANSWER-human chorionic gonadotropin.
Which hormone promotes appetite and stress reduction during pregnancy and then regulates
volume and production of breast milk in the postpartum period?
Progesterone
Estrogen
Oxytocin
Prolactin - CORRECT ANSWER-Prolactin
, Page 4 of 74
20 May 2026
Which one of the following is NOT a cause of the letdown reflex during lactation?
A crying infant
Overly full breasts
Use of breast pumps
A supportive bra - CORRECT ANSWER-A supportive bra
The implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus is known as:
an intrauterine pregnancy.
an ectopic pregnancy.
a spontaneous abortion.
a molar pregnancy. - CORRECT ANSWER-an ectopic pregnancy.
A pregnant patient asks when the external genitalia can first be seen on ultrasound and the NP
responds:
at 8 weeks' gestation.
at 12 weeks' gestation.
at 16 weeks' gestation.
at 24 weeks' gestation. - CORRECT ANSWER-at 16 weeks' gestation.
Which condition is associated with both hypercoagulable states and alterations in blood flow?
Use of oral contraceptives
Inherited thrombophilia
Tobacco use
Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-Pregnancy
Smoking decreases milk volume due to the reduction of:
estrogen.
progestin.
prolactin.
oxytocin. - CORRECT ANSWER-prolactin.
20 May 2026
APEA Pathophysiology EXAM 2026/2027 AND
PRACTICE EXAM TESTBANK WITH A STUDY GUIDE |
ACCURATE AND VERIFIED 350 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FOR GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST
UPDATE
The pediatric orthopedic condition described as osteonecrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis due
to interrupted vascular supply that results in ischemia and alteration in cartilage growth is:
toxic synovitis.
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. - CORRECT ANSWER-Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.
A 54-year-old woman reports left wrist stiffness at rest and with movement. An X-ray of the left
wrist identifies joint space narrowing, bony erosion in the joint, and reduced bone density
surrounding the joint. What is the probable diagnosis?
Bursitis
Osteoarthritis
Systemic lupus
Rheumatoid arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER-Rheumatoid arthritis
During pregnancy, relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and increased intraabdominal
pressure can predispose a patient to:
anemia.
urinary tract infection.
aspiration.
Barrett's esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWER-aspiration.
A reduction in the number of red blood cells during pregnancy is due to:
hemolytic anemia.
pernicious anemia.
thalassemia.
iron deficiency anemia. - CORRECT ANSWER-iron deficiency anemia.
, Page 2 of 74
20 May 2026
The hormone that is responsible for stimulating the uterus to contract during labor is:
estrogen.
progesterone.
oxytocin.
antidiuretic hormone. - CORRECT ANSWER-oxytocin.
Which vitamin is essential for preventing neural tube deficits in the developing fetus?
Vitamin D
Calcium
Folate
Iron - CORRECT ANSWER-Folate
HELLP syndrome in pregnancy is primarily due to:
hepatomegaly.
increased sodium levels.
iron deficiency.
endothelial dysfunction. - CORRECT ANSWER-endothelial dysfunction.
Which of the following diseases can be a result of multifactorial inheritance?
Sickle cell anemia
Down syndrome
Diabetes
Huntington's disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes
Rare tumors that appear when cells in the uterus proliferate uncontrollably during pregnancy is
known as:
spontaneous abortion.
ectopic pregnancy.
trophoblastic disease.
placenta previa. - CORRECT ANSWER-trophoblastic disease.
, Page 3 of 74
20 May 2026
Causes of sore nipples related to breastfeeding include:
proper latch and functional sucking.
breaking suction with a finger.
introducing a pacifier too late.
infant nursing on the tip of the nipple. - CORRECT ANSWER-infant nursing on the tip of the nipple.
Postpartum depression has been linked to:
sleep deprivation.
hormonal imbalance.
weight gain.
thyroid dysregulation. - CORRECT ANSWER-hormonal imbalance.
Increased pressure in the rectal veins due to obstruction of venous return in pregnancy causes:
anal fissure.
hemorrhoids.
rectal polyp.
rectal prolapse. - CORRECT ANSWER-hemorrhoids.
Persistent, intractable vomiting during pregnancy is most likely caused by elevated levels of:
progestin.
prostaglandins.
oxytocin.
human chorionic gonadotropin. - CORRECT ANSWER-human chorionic gonadotropin.
Which hormone promotes appetite and stress reduction during pregnancy and then regulates
volume and production of breast milk in the postpartum period?
Progesterone
Estrogen
Oxytocin
Prolactin - CORRECT ANSWER-Prolactin
, Page 4 of 74
20 May 2026
Which one of the following is NOT a cause of the letdown reflex during lactation?
A crying infant
Overly full breasts
Use of breast pumps
A supportive bra - CORRECT ANSWER-A supportive bra
The implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus is known as:
an intrauterine pregnancy.
an ectopic pregnancy.
a spontaneous abortion.
a molar pregnancy. - CORRECT ANSWER-an ectopic pregnancy.
A pregnant patient asks when the external genitalia can first be seen on ultrasound and the NP
responds:
at 8 weeks' gestation.
at 12 weeks' gestation.
at 16 weeks' gestation.
at 24 weeks' gestation. - CORRECT ANSWER-at 16 weeks' gestation.
Which condition is associated with both hypercoagulable states and alterations in blood flow?
Use of oral contraceptives
Inherited thrombophilia
Tobacco use
Pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER-Pregnancy
Smoking decreases milk volume due to the reduction of:
estrogen.
progestin.
prolactin.
oxytocin. - CORRECT ANSWER-prolactin.
