HONDROS NUR205 EXAM 3 Questions and
Answers | 2026 Simplified Cheat Sheet | A+
Verified
• 3 processes of urine formation -✓✓1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion
• Glomerular filtration -✓✓The first step in urine formation in which substances in
blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal
convoluted tubule of the nephron.
• Tubular reabsorption -✓✓Process of reabsorbing water and electrolytes back into
the blood
• Tubular secretion -✓✓selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in
renal tubules and collecting ducts
• Urinary incontinence
1. Stress -✓✓Leakage of small amounts of urine during physical movement - ie.
coughing, sneezing, exercising.
• Urinary incontinence
2. Urge -✓✓leakage of small amounts of urine at UNEXPECTED times - ie.
during sleep
• Urinary incontinence
,3. Functional -✓✓Untimely urination because of physical disability, external
obstacles, or cognitive problems that prevent from reaching the toilet.
• Urinary incontinence
4. Overflow -✓✓Unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine due to full bladder
• Urinary incontinence
5. Transient -✓✓Leakage that occurs temporarily because of a situation that will
pass - ie. UTI, infection, pregnancy, cold with coughing.
• Urinary incontinence
6. Reflex -✓✓Involuntary loss of urine occurring at predictable intervals when
patient reaches bladder volume - ie. spinal cord damage, loss of urge to void.
• Nursing interventions for constipation -✓✓Sitting in chair, walking
Increase fluids, and fiber
• Elimination discomfort exemplars -✓✓Anal fissure
anorectal abscess
hemorrhoids
interstitial cystitis
pilonidal cyst
urolithiasis
• Elimination infection and inflammation exemplars -✓✓GI:
Infection-- C. Diff
, Inflammation--IBD, UC, Crohns
Urinary:
Infection--UTI, kidney infection, pyelonephritis, kidney stones
• Colorectal risk factors -✓✓Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat
• Type 1 diabetes -✓✓-no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to build up - acidosis
• Type 1 signs and symptoms -✓✓*abrupt!*
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
• Type 1 treatment -✓✓Insulin only.
oral agents will not work
• DKA patho -✓✓*abrupt*
1. not enough insulin
Answers | 2026 Simplified Cheat Sheet | A+
Verified
• 3 processes of urine formation -✓✓1. glomerular filtration
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion
• Glomerular filtration -✓✓The first step in urine formation in which substances in
blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal
convoluted tubule of the nephron.
• Tubular reabsorption -✓✓Process of reabsorbing water and electrolytes back into
the blood
• Tubular secretion -✓✓selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in
renal tubules and collecting ducts
• Urinary incontinence
1. Stress -✓✓Leakage of small amounts of urine during physical movement - ie.
coughing, sneezing, exercising.
• Urinary incontinence
2. Urge -✓✓leakage of small amounts of urine at UNEXPECTED times - ie.
during sleep
• Urinary incontinence
,3. Functional -✓✓Untimely urination because of physical disability, external
obstacles, or cognitive problems that prevent from reaching the toilet.
• Urinary incontinence
4. Overflow -✓✓Unexpected leakage of small amounts of urine due to full bladder
• Urinary incontinence
5. Transient -✓✓Leakage that occurs temporarily because of a situation that will
pass - ie. UTI, infection, pregnancy, cold with coughing.
• Urinary incontinence
6. Reflex -✓✓Involuntary loss of urine occurring at predictable intervals when
patient reaches bladder volume - ie. spinal cord damage, loss of urge to void.
• Nursing interventions for constipation -✓✓Sitting in chair, walking
Increase fluids, and fiber
• Elimination discomfort exemplars -✓✓Anal fissure
anorectal abscess
hemorrhoids
interstitial cystitis
pilonidal cyst
urolithiasis
• Elimination infection and inflammation exemplars -✓✓GI:
Infection-- C. Diff
, Inflammation--IBD, UC, Crohns
Urinary:
Infection--UTI, kidney infection, pyelonephritis, kidney stones
• Colorectal risk factors -✓✓Over age 50
Race - African American have highest rates
Diet - intake of animal fats and red meat
• Type 1 diabetes -✓✓-no insulin is produced
-usually diagnosed in childhood
-cells are starved of glucose since there is no insulin to bring into the cells
-cells break down protein and fat into energy causing ketones to build up - acidosis
• Type 1 signs and symptoms -✓✓*abrupt!*
Polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia
• Type 1 treatment -✓✓Insulin only.
oral agents will not work
• DKA patho -✓✓*abrupt*
1. not enough insulin
