McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults
and Children
9th Edition
Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Q1. A 6-year-old boy presents with recurrent bacterial
infections and delayed wound healing. Genetic analysis
reveals a mutation affecting cadherin-mediated
, intercellular binding. The impaired function most directly
disrupts which cellular process?
A. ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation
B. Stable calcium-dependent cell-to-cell adhesion
C. Protein synthesis within the rough endoplasmic
reticulum
D. Lysosomal degradation of extracellular pathogens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Recurrent infections and poor tissue integrity
suggest defective cellular cohesion.
• Mechanism: Cadherins are calcium-dependent adhesion
molecules that maintain tissue architecture and signaling
between adjacent cells.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Cadherins anchor cells to
one another through adherens junctions and are essential
for tissue stability and morphogenesis.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria
and is unrelated to cadherin function.
o C: Protein synthesis is mediated by ribosomes and
rough ER.
o D: Lysosomal degradation depends on hydrolytic
enzymes, not adhesion molecules.
,• Exam Trap: Confusing cadherins with integrins, which
primarily mediate cell-to-extracellular matrix attachment.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Loss of cadherin expression
is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis.
• Memory Anchor: “Cadherins connect neighbors.”
Q2. A researcher exposes cultured hepatocytes to cyanide,
leading to abrupt cessation of aerobic metabolism. The
earliest intracellular change is most likely related to failure
of which organelle?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Cyanide blocks aerobic ATP production.
• Mechanism: Cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxidase within
the electron transport chain, halting oxidative
phosphorylation.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Mitochondria are the
primary source of ATP generation under aerobic
conditions.
, • Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A: The Golgi modifies and packages proteins.
o B: Lysosomes digest intracellular debris.
o D: Peroxisomes metabolize fatty acids and detoxify
hydrogen peroxide.
• Exam Trap: Selecting peroxisomes because detoxification
is mentioned.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Tissues with high oxygen
demand, such as myocardium and brain, are most
vulnerable to mitochondrial ATP depletion.
• Memory Anchor: “Cyanide cripples cytochrome oxidase.”
Q3. A patient with chronic alcoholism develops
hepatocellular swelling after severe hypoxia. The swelling
most directly results from failure of which membrane
transport process?
A. Facilitated glucose diffusion
B. Sodium-potassium ATPase activity
C. Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Endocytosis of extracellular proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults
and Children
9th Edition
Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Q1. A 6-year-old boy presents with recurrent bacterial
infections and delayed wound healing. Genetic analysis
reveals a mutation affecting cadherin-mediated
, intercellular binding. The impaired function most directly
disrupts which cellular process?
A. ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation
B. Stable calcium-dependent cell-to-cell adhesion
C. Protein synthesis within the rough endoplasmic
reticulum
D. Lysosomal degradation of extracellular pathogens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Recurrent infections and poor tissue integrity
suggest defective cellular cohesion.
• Mechanism: Cadherins are calcium-dependent adhesion
molecules that maintain tissue architecture and signaling
between adjacent cells.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Cadherins anchor cells to
one another through adherens junctions and are essential
for tissue stability and morphogenesis.
• Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A: Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria
and is unrelated to cadherin function.
o C: Protein synthesis is mediated by ribosomes and
rough ER.
o D: Lysosomal degradation depends on hydrolytic
enzymes, not adhesion molecules.
,• Exam Trap: Confusing cadherins with integrins, which
primarily mediate cell-to-extracellular matrix attachment.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Loss of cadherin expression
is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis.
• Memory Anchor: “Cadherins connect neighbors.”
Q2. A researcher exposes cultured hepatocytes to cyanide,
leading to abrupt cessation of aerobic metabolism. The
earliest intracellular change is most likely related to failure
of which organelle?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
• Clinical Clue: Cyanide blocks aerobic ATP production.
• Mechanism: Cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxidase within
the electron transport chain, halting oxidative
phosphorylation.
• Why the Correct Answer Is Right: Mitochondria are the
primary source of ATP generation under aerobic
conditions.
, • Why the Other Options Are Wrong:
o A: The Golgi modifies and packages proteins.
o B: Lysosomes digest intracellular debris.
o D: Peroxisomes metabolize fatty acids and detoxify
hydrogen peroxide.
• Exam Trap: Selecting peroxisomes because detoxification
is mentioned.
• High-Yield Clinical Correlation: Tissues with high oxygen
demand, such as myocardium and brain, are most
vulnerable to mitochondrial ATP depletion.
• Memory Anchor: “Cyanide cripples cytochrome oxidase.”
Q3. A patient with chronic alcoholism develops
hepatocellular swelling after severe hypoxia. The swelling
most directly results from failure of which membrane
transport process?
A. Facilitated glucose diffusion
B. Sodium-potassium ATPase activity
C. Calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Endocytosis of extracellular proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
