PSYC 230 UIUC COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔apparent motion - ✔✔the appearance of real motion from a sequence of still images
✔✔correspondence problem - ✔✔how the visual system know if an object seen at time
1 is the same object at time 2
✔✔induced motion - ✔✔an illusion whereby one moving object may cause another
object to look a if it is moving
✔✔motion detection in the retinae - ✔✔The retina plays an important roll in early
detection of motion; some types of amacrine cells in the retina are sensitive to motion.
thus, the beginnings of analyzing motion occur quite early in the human retinae. the
beginning of the M pathway, which codes for motion in V1 and along the dorsal stream
of vision. The P pathway also contributes to motion perception, as we see moving
objects in color.
✔✔Reichardt detector - ✔✔neural circuits that enable the determination of direction and
speed of motion by delaying input from one receptive field, to determine speed, to
match the input of another receptive field, to determine direction
✔✔Collary Discharge Theory - ✔✔the theory that the feedback we get from our eye
muscles as our eyes track an object is important ti the perception of motion
✔✔eye movements - ✔✔we track objects that are moving with our eyes. Vergence
refers to eye movements that cause our eyes to resolve a particular object or bring it in
to focus
✔✔Saccades - ✔✔Rapid voluntary movements of the eyes; in an environment without
movement; most common eye movement
✔✔smooth pursuit eye movements - ✔✔eye movements made to track a moving object;
voluntary eye movements; only when there is an object in motion in your environment
✔✔the movement area of the brain (MT) - ✔✔also known as V5, is an area in the
occipital cortex critical to motion perception; MT stands for "medial temporal" because
MT is adjacent to the medial temporal lobe, although it is itself within the estreastriatal
areas of the occipital lobe
✔✔Akinetopsia - ✔✔a rare condition in which an individual is unable to detect motion
despite intact visual perception of stationary stimuli, caused by damage to area MT
, ✔✔Stimuli used in Newsome and Paré's (1988) experiment - ✔✔in the 100% condition,
all the dots were moving in the same direction. In the 50% condition, half the dots were
moving in a consistent direction. And in the 20% condition, only one fifth of the dots
were moving in a consistent direction
✔✔Weigelt et al.'s (2013) results - ✔✔in the fMRI study, they found that activity in MT
was associated with attention to movement. In theses fMRI pictures, the activity in MT is
highlighted in color. The results are averaged across 15 participants.
✔✔fMRI results from Kaas et al. (2010) - ✔✔these diagrams illustrate how MT is
activated when people imagine perceived motion
✔✔motion afftereffect - ✔✔a motion-based visual illusion in which a stationary object is
seen as moving in the opposite direction of real or apparent motion just observed
(waterfall illusion)
✔✔point-light walker display - ✔✔an experiment in which small lights are attached to
the body of a person or an animal, which is then filmed moving in an otherwise
completely dark environment; observers were able to detect human form when the
person was walking or running and could distinguish the two motions/ direction of
motions
✔✔affordance - ✔✔information in the visual world that specifies how that information
can be used; for example seeing a piano affords laying music, seeing an elevator
affords going up and down in a tall building
✔✔optic flow - ✔✔the complex motion of points in the visual field caused by relative
movement between the observer and environment; provides information about the
relative distance of objects from the observer and of the relative direction of movement
✔✔gradient of flow - ✔✔the difference in the perception of the speeds of objects moving
past us in an optic flow display
✔✔focus of expansion - ✔✔the destination point in an optic flow display, from which
point perceived motion derives
✔✔lateral intraparietal area (LIP) - ✔✔an area of the primate parietal cortex involved in
the control of eye movements
✔✔An experiment showing the function of the LIP region of the parietal lobe -
✔✔monkeys are expected to keep their eyes on a central fixation point. The
researchers can then look at the receptive field of a particular neuron in the LIP area. A
target then appears in the receptive field of that neuron. When the target disappears,
the monkey must make a saccade to that location. Activity in the LIP area precedes the
saccades.
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔apparent motion - ✔✔the appearance of real motion from a sequence of still images
✔✔correspondence problem - ✔✔how the visual system know if an object seen at time
1 is the same object at time 2
✔✔induced motion - ✔✔an illusion whereby one moving object may cause another
object to look a if it is moving
✔✔motion detection in the retinae - ✔✔The retina plays an important roll in early
detection of motion; some types of amacrine cells in the retina are sensitive to motion.
thus, the beginnings of analyzing motion occur quite early in the human retinae. the
beginning of the M pathway, which codes for motion in V1 and along the dorsal stream
of vision. The P pathway also contributes to motion perception, as we see moving
objects in color.
✔✔Reichardt detector - ✔✔neural circuits that enable the determination of direction and
speed of motion by delaying input from one receptive field, to determine speed, to
match the input of another receptive field, to determine direction
✔✔Collary Discharge Theory - ✔✔the theory that the feedback we get from our eye
muscles as our eyes track an object is important ti the perception of motion
✔✔eye movements - ✔✔we track objects that are moving with our eyes. Vergence
refers to eye movements that cause our eyes to resolve a particular object or bring it in
to focus
✔✔Saccades - ✔✔Rapid voluntary movements of the eyes; in an environment without
movement; most common eye movement
✔✔smooth pursuit eye movements - ✔✔eye movements made to track a moving object;
voluntary eye movements; only when there is an object in motion in your environment
✔✔the movement area of the brain (MT) - ✔✔also known as V5, is an area in the
occipital cortex critical to motion perception; MT stands for "medial temporal" because
MT is adjacent to the medial temporal lobe, although it is itself within the estreastriatal
areas of the occipital lobe
✔✔Akinetopsia - ✔✔a rare condition in which an individual is unable to detect motion
despite intact visual perception of stationary stimuli, caused by damage to area MT
, ✔✔Stimuli used in Newsome and Paré's (1988) experiment - ✔✔in the 100% condition,
all the dots were moving in the same direction. In the 50% condition, half the dots were
moving in a consistent direction. And in the 20% condition, only one fifth of the dots
were moving in a consistent direction
✔✔Weigelt et al.'s (2013) results - ✔✔in the fMRI study, they found that activity in MT
was associated with attention to movement. In theses fMRI pictures, the activity in MT is
highlighted in color. The results are averaged across 15 participants.
✔✔fMRI results from Kaas et al. (2010) - ✔✔these diagrams illustrate how MT is
activated when people imagine perceived motion
✔✔motion afftereffect - ✔✔a motion-based visual illusion in which a stationary object is
seen as moving in the opposite direction of real or apparent motion just observed
(waterfall illusion)
✔✔point-light walker display - ✔✔an experiment in which small lights are attached to
the body of a person or an animal, which is then filmed moving in an otherwise
completely dark environment; observers were able to detect human form when the
person was walking or running and could distinguish the two motions/ direction of
motions
✔✔affordance - ✔✔information in the visual world that specifies how that information
can be used; for example seeing a piano affords laying music, seeing an elevator
affords going up and down in a tall building
✔✔optic flow - ✔✔the complex motion of points in the visual field caused by relative
movement between the observer and environment; provides information about the
relative distance of objects from the observer and of the relative direction of movement
✔✔gradient of flow - ✔✔the difference in the perception of the speeds of objects moving
past us in an optic flow display
✔✔focus of expansion - ✔✔the destination point in an optic flow display, from which
point perceived motion derives
✔✔lateral intraparietal area (LIP) - ✔✔an area of the primate parietal cortex involved in
the control of eye movements
✔✔An experiment showing the function of the LIP region of the parietal lobe -
✔✔monkeys are expected to keep their eyes on a central fixation point. The
researchers can then look at the receptive field of a particular neuron in the LIP area. A
target then appears in the receptive field of that neuron. When the target disappears,
the monkey must make a saccade to that location. Activity in the LIP area precedes the
saccades.
