EXAM 4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY GALEN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the pathophysiology for Neisseria gonorrhea, the etiology and its clinical m
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anifestations? - ANSWERS-patho- vz vz
gram negative diplococcus N. Gonorrhea, attaches and penetrates columnar epith
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elium (can occur/spread through lymphatic system)
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etiology- contact with mucous membranes of an infected person
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CM- discharge, dysuria, infertility
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females- asymptomatic, but may have infertility
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males-urethritis, redness, swelling vz vz
What is the pathophysiology of chlamydia, and the clinical manifestations? -
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ANSWERS-patho- C. trachomatis act on columnar epithelium similar to gonorrhea
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CM- the s/s are less severe than gonorrhea
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What is the pathophysiology of syphilis and the etiology? - ANSWERS-patho-
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systemic infection of vascular system
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etiology-
caused by treponema pallidum, pathogens migrate to regional lymph nodes within
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
hours (can invade/multiply in any organ system)
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What are the clinical manifestations of syphilis? - ANSWERS-Incubation 10-
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90 days vz vz
primary- painless chancre, untreated resolves in 3-6 weeks
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secondar-
untreated chancre resolve, followed by cutaneous rash, flu like s/
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s (spread throughout bloodstream and lymphatic system)
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latent- no s/s present early latent= contagious, last up to 40years
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tertiary-
cardiovascular and nervous system at risk, aortic necrosis and insufficiency (dama
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ge to CNS paresis, blindness, mental deterioration)
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what is the pathophysiology of genital herpes, its etiology, and clinical manifestation
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s? - ANSWERS-patho- virus in ganglion neurons
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etiology- self-limiting, virus stored in ganglion neurons, stress=trigger activation
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CM- fluid field vesicles after 3-
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7 days incubation, lesions recut at the site of initial occurrence
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females= cervix vz
males= glans penis, foreskin, shaft
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what is the pathophysiology of HPV, and the etiology? - ANSWERS-patho-
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epithelial lesions of anogenital region, infests single epithelial cells-
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divides and proliferates
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(incubation 1-20months) vz
etiology- epithelial lesions- geneital warts
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, what is the clinical manifestations for HPV? - ANSWERS-
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Period of communicability unknown, thought to last as long as lesions persist and p
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ossibly even after removal, single or multiple lesions, soft pink to brown, small-
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
large, raised or flat, pruritic, painful, bleed easily
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Females- vagina and cervix, anogenital area vz vz vz vz vz vz
(cervical cancer with some types of warts)
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males- urethra, anogenital areavz vz vz
What is the pathophysiology epididymitis, etiology and clinical manifestations? -
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ANSWERS-patho- bacterial cause with STDs, C. trachomatis, E.coli
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etiology- inflammation of testes vz vz vz
CM- enlarged scrotum, red, tender, fever, pain along spermatic cord
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What is the pathophysiology of Fournier gangrene, the etiology and clinical manifes
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
tations ? - ANSWERS-patho- gangrenous necrosis of scrotum
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etiology- alcoholism, DM, perforated urethral diverticulum, non-
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urinary tract source= perirectal abscess, extravasation of infected urine from urethr
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al trauma
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CM-
s/
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s shock (high fever, decreased BP, decreased HR) sepsis, pain, swollen genitalia
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what is pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the etiology, and clinical m
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anifestations ? - ANSWERS-patho- vz vz vz
hyperplasia of glands, compression of urethra, changes in endocrine system
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etiology-unknown, BPH does not predispose pt to prostate cancer vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
cm-
s/
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s of obstruction, decreased urine stream, forceful, hesitancy, difficulty starting strea
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m, interruption of stream, increased risk for uti due to retention
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what is the pathophysiology of prostatitis, etiology and the clinical manifestations ?
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- ANSWERS-patho- inflammation of prostate
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etiology- bacterial prostatitis= E. coli vz vz vz vz
CM- Acute= fever, chills, low back pain, dysuria
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Chronic- voiding symptoms, localized pain, harder to treat
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what is the pathophysiology of Urethral strictures, etiology and clinical manifestation
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
s? - ANSWERS-patho- fibrotic narrowing of urethra caused by scar tissue
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etiology- prior infection= gonorrhea, trauma, straddle injuries
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CM- urinary retention, decreased urinary stream, discharge, infection
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What is the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction, etiology, and clinical manifestat
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ions? - ANSWERS-patho- inability to maintain or achieve an erection
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etiology-
arterial insufficiency, result from excessive venous drainage from penis, decreased
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz v
zsecretion of lutenizing hormone vz vz vz
CM- priapism=painful, persistent erection, inability to maintain erection
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the pathophysiology for Neisseria gonorrhea, the etiology and its clinical m
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
anifestations? - ANSWERS-patho- vz vz
gram negative diplococcus N. Gonorrhea, attaches and penetrates columnar epith
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
elium (can occur/spread through lymphatic system)
vz vz vz vz vz
etiology- contact with mucous membranes of an infected person
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
CM- discharge, dysuria, infertility
vz vz vz
females- asymptomatic, but may have infertility
vz vz vz vz vz
males-urethritis, redness, swelling vz vz
What is the pathophysiology of chlamydia, and the clinical manifestations? -
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
ANSWERS-patho- C. trachomatis act on columnar epithelium similar to gonorrhea
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
CM- the s/s are less severe than gonorrhea
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
What is the pathophysiology of syphilis and the etiology? - ANSWERS-patho-
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
systemic infection of vascular system
vz vz vz vz vz vz
etiology-
caused by treponema pallidum, pathogens migrate to regional lymph nodes within
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
hours (can invade/multiply in any organ system)
vz vz vz vz vz vz
What are the clinical manifestations of syphilis? - ANSWERS-Incubation 10-
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
90 days vz vz
primary- painless chancre, untreated resolves in 3-6 weeks
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
secondar-
untreated chancre resolve, followed by cutaneous rash, flu like s/
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
s (spread throughout bloodstream and lymphatic system)
vz vz vz vz vz vz
latent- no s/s present early latent= contagious, last up to 40years
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
tertiary-
cardiovascular and nervous system at risk, aortic necrosis and insufficiency (dama
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
ge to CNS paresis, blindness, mental deterioration)
vz vz vz vz vz vz
what is the pathophysiology of genital herpes, its etiology, and clinical manifestation
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
s? - ANSWERS-patho- virus in ganglion neurons
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
etiology- self-limiting, virus stored in ganglion neurons, stress=trigger activation
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
CM- fluid field vesicles after 3-
vz vz vz vz vz
7 days incubation, lesions recut at the site of initial occurrence
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
females= cervix vz
males= glans penis, foreskin, shaft
vz vz vz vz
what is the pathophysiology of HPV, and the etiology? - ANSWERS-patho-
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
epithelial lesions of anogenital region, infests single epithelial cells-
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
divides and proliferates
vz vz vz vz
(incubation 1-20months) vz
etiology- epithelial lesions- geneital warts
vz vz vz vz
, what is the clinical manifestations for HPV? - ANSWERS-
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
Period of communicability unknown, thought to last as long as lesions persist and p
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
ossibly even after removal, single or multiple lesions, soft pink to brown, small-
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
large, raised or flat, pruritic, painful, bleed easily
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
Females- vagina and cervix, anogenital area vz vz vz vz vz vz
(cervical cancer with some types of warts)
vz vz vz vz vz vz
males- urethra, anogenital areavz vz vz
What is the pathophysiology epididymitis, etiology and clinical manifestations? -
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
ANSWERS-patho- bacterial cause with STDs, C. trachomatis, E.coli
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
etiology- inflammation of testes vz vz vz
CM- enlarged scrotum, red, tender, fever, pain along spermatic cord
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
What is the pathophysiology of Fournier gangrene, the etiology and clinical manifes
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
tations ? - ANSWERS-patho- gangrenous necrosis of scrotum
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
etiology- alcoholism, DM, perforated urethral diverticulum, non-
vz vz vz vz vz vz
urinary tract source= perirectal abscess, extravasation of infected urine from urethr
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
al trauma
vz vz
CM-
s/
vz
s shock (high fever, decreased BP, decreased HR) sepsis, pain, swollen genitalia
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
what is pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the etiology, and clinical m
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
anifestations ? - ANSWERS-patho- vz vz vz
hyperplasia of glands, compression of urethra, changes in endocrine system
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
etiology-unknown, BPH does not predispose pt to prostate cancer vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
cm-
s/
vz
s of obstruction, decreased urine stream, forceful, hesitancy, difficulty starting strea
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
m, interruption of stream, increased risk for uti due to retention
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
what is the pathophysiology of prostatitis, etiology and the clinical manifestations ?
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
- ANSWERS-patho- inflammation of prostate
vz vz vz vz vz
etiology- bacterial prostatitis= E. coli vz vz vz vz
CM- Acute= fever, chills, low back pain, dysuria
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
Chronic- voiding symptoms, localized pain, harder to treat
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
what is the pathophysiology of Urethral strictures, etiology and clinical manifestation
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
s? - ANSWERS-patho- fibrotic narrowing of urethra caused by scar tissue
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
etiology- prior infection= gonorrhea, trauma, straddle injuries
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
CM- urinary retention, decreased urinary stream, discharge, infection
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
What is the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction, etiology, and clinical manifestat
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
ions? - ANSWERS-patho- inability to maintain or achieve an erection
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
etiology-
arterial insufficiency, result from excessive venous drainage from penis, decreased
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz vz v
zsecretion of lutenizing hormone vz vz vz
CM- priapism=painful, persistent erection, inability to maintain erection
vz vz vz vz vz vz vz
