PJM TRANSMISSION UPDATED FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔During system restoration, what is the voltage range the system should be kept
between? - ✔✔90% and 105% maintain voltage profile between for system restoration
✔✔PJM will coordinate and direct all restoration lines of what voltage levels? -
✔✔500kV and above
✔✔How much load would you dump to increase the frequency by 1 Hz (percentage
range)? - ✔✔6-10%
✔✔Generation is disconnected after 5 seconds, when the frequency: - ✔✔Drops below
57.5Hz
✔✔How much of the total Dynamic Reserve should be used on Under Frequency relay
load? - ✔✔
✔✔During System Restoration, capacitor banks should be kept off until how much of
the load is restored? - ✔✔40%
✔✔Would PJM assume Frequency Control when the control of an interconnected area
is too burdensome for any Local Control Center? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔Operator receiving an All-Call message should state the following before playback of
the message? - ✔✔Name and Company
✔✔Dynamic Reserves consist of: - ✔✔Governor Reserve and Load that has been
restored with under frequency relays
✔✔What would be the appropriate response to receiving a DC ground Alarm? -
✔✔Advise substation personnel of the alarm during normal hours
✔✔An islanded system has a load of 3000 MW. To increase frequency by 1 Hz, how
much load should be shed? - ✔✔180 MW
✔✔Which of the following actions would be used FIRST to control a reactive transfer
limit violation?
a) Place reactors in service
b) Load offcost (out of merit) generation
c) Issue load dump warning
d) Modify firm transaction schedules - ✔✔B
,✔✔When available primary reserve capacity on a system is less than the largest
operating generator, or the loss of a transmission facility jeopardizes reliable operations,
PJM should issue a:
a) Manual load dump warning
b) Maximum emergency generation
c) Voltage reduction warning
d) Primary reserve alert - ✔✔A
✔✔Increased load on a circuit causes lower voltage at the remote end. Which of the
following will increase this voltage?
a) Switch off the distribution circuit capacitors
b) Raise the generation supply at the remote end
c) Raise the stepdown transformer tap position
d) Switch additional load to this circuit - ✔✔C
✔✔When synchronizing isolated areas, which of the following conditions must be met (3
choices to pick)?
1. Similar frequency
2. Similar voltage
3. Matching load
4. Minimum phase angle difference - ✔✔1, 2, and 4 only
✔✔A real time security analysis contingency or actual overload is
a) Immediately reported to NERC
b) Reported to operations planning
c) Bad data
d) Immediately communicated to the PJM transmission dispatcher - ✔✔D
✔✔A 1000 MW generating unit is located in an area with three transmission lines
carrying power from the generation source to the customer load. Each line has an
emergency limit of 400 MW. The maximum pre-contingency load that the generator
should be allowed to load is:
a) 200 MW
b) 600 MW
c) 800 MW
d) 1000 MW - ✔✔C
✔✔Distribution factors are used to determine:
, a) The distribution of voltage levels on key lines
b) The surge impedance loading of lines
c) The impact of placing capacitor banks in or out of service
d) How the flow of MW on a line will be redistributed upon its loss - ✔✔D
✔✔PJM has issued a heavy load voltage schedule. Which of the following is NOT an
appropriate PJM member action in response to this alert?
a) Ensure that all unit voltage regulators are in service
b) Ensure that all unit voltage regulators are in manual mode
c) Ensure that all reactors are out of service and available capacitors are in service
d) Ensure that all units connected to the 500 kV system are operated so that reasonable
MVAR reserve is maintained - ✔✔B
✔✔Which of the following reasons describes why opening a pre-studied EHV line has a
positive effect in reducing system voltages?
1. Eliminates the capacitance charging of the line
2. Increases MW flow on other EHV lines, thereby reducing their MVAR output
3. Eliminates circulating VARs on transformers
4. Helps increase reactive import capability a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 4
only d) 3 and 4 only - ✔✔A
✔✔During system restoration, an island requires 400 MW of dynamic reserve. The
maximum load allowed with underfrequency relay protection enabled that can be
counted as dynamic reserve is:
a) 100 MW
b) 200 MW
c) 300 MW
d) 400 MW - ✔✔B
✔✔What is the surge impedance loading on a typical 500 kV line?
a) 230 MW
b) 500 MW
c) 750 MW
d) 850 MW - ✔✔D
✔✔During system restoration, frequency has decayed for an islanded system to 59.05
Hz and is decaying rapidly. The operator should:
a) Notify PJM and seek advice
b) Call on additional generation
c) Wait for the system to settle out
d) Immediately shed load to recover the frequency - ✔✔D
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔During system restoration, what is the voltage range the system should be kept
between? - ✔✔90% and 105% maintain voltage profile between for system restoration
✔✔PJM will coordinate and direct all restoration lines of what voltage levels? -
✔✔500kV and above
✔✔How much load would you dump to increase the frequency by 1 Hz (percentage
range)? - ✔✔6-10%
✔✔Generation is disconnected after 5 seconds, when the frequency: - ✔✔Drops below
57.5Hz
✔✔How much of the total Dynamic Reserve should be used on Under Frequency relay
load? - ✔✔
✔✔During System Restoration, capacitor banks should be kept off until how much of
the load is restored? - ✔✔40%
✔✔Would PJM assume Frequency Control when the control of an interconnected area
is too burdensome for any Local Control Center? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔Operator receiving an All-Call message should state the following before playback of
the message? - ✔✔Name and Company
✔✔Dynamic Reserves consist of: - ✔✔Governor Reserve and Load that has been
restored with under frequency relays
✔✔What would be the appropriate response to receiving a DC ground Alarm? -
✔✔Advise substation personnel of the alarm during normal hours
✔✔An islanded system has a load of 3000 MW. To increase frequency by 1 Hz, how
much load should be shed? - ✔✔180 MW
✔✔Which of the following actions would be used FIRST to control a reactive transfer
limit violation?
a) Place reactors in service
b) Load offcost (out of merit) generation
c) Issue load dump warning
d) Modify firm transaction schedules - ✔✔B
,✔✔When available primary reserve capacity on a system is less than the largest
operating generator, or the loss of a transmission facility jeopardizes reliable operations,
PJM should issue a:
a) Manual load dump warning
b) Maximum emergency generation
c) Voltage reduction warning
d) Primary reserve alert - ✔✔A
✔✔Increased load on a circuit causes lower voltage at the remote end. Which of the
following will increase this voltage?
a) Switch off the distribution circuit capacitors
b) Raise the generation supply at the remote end
c) Raise the stepdown transformer tap position
d) Switch additional load to this circuit - ✔✔C
✔✔When synchronizing isolated areas, which of the following conditions must be met (3
choices to pick)?
1. Similar frequency
2. Similar voltage
3. Matching load
4. Minimum phase angle difference - ✔✔1, 2, and 4 only
✔✔A real time security analysis contingency or actual overload is
a) Immediately reported to NERC
b) Reported to operations planning
c) Bad data
d) Immediately communicated to the PJM transmission dispatcher - ✔✔D
✔✔A 1000 MW generating unit is located in an area with three transmission lines
carrying power from the generation source to the customer load. Each line has an
emergency limit of 400 MW. The maximum pre-contingency load that the generator
should be allowed to load is:
a) 200 MW
b) 600 MW
c) 800 MW
d) 1000 MW - ✔✔C
✔✔Distribution factors are used to determine:
, a) The distribution of voltage levels on key lines
b) The surge impedance loading of lines
c) The impact of placing capacitor banks in or out of service
d) How the flow of MW on a line will be redistributed upon its loss - ✔✔D
✔✔PJM has issued a heavy load voltage schedule. Which of the following is NOT an
appropriate PJM member action in response to this alert?
a) Ensure that all unit voltage regulators are in service
b) Ensure that all unit voltage regulators are in manual mode
c) Ensure that all reactors are out of service and available capacitors are in service
d) Ensure that all units connected to the 500 kV system are operated so that reasonable
MVAR reserve is maintained - ✔✔B
✔✔Which of the following reasons describes why opening a pre-studied EHV line has a
positive effect in reducing system voltages?
1. Eliminates the capacitance charging of the line
2. Increases MW flow on other EHV lines, thereby reducing their MVAR output
3. Eliminates circulating VARs on transformers
4. Helps increase reactive import capability a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 4
only d) 3 and 4 only - ✔✔A
✔✔During system restoration, an island requires 400 MW of dynamic reserve. The
maximum load allowed with underfrequency relay protection enabled that can be
counted as dynamic reserve is:
a) 100 MW
b) 200 MW
c) 300 MW
d) 400 MW - ✔✔B
✔✔What is the surge impedance loading on a typical 500 kV line?
a) 230 MW
b) 500 MW
c) 750 MW
d) 850 MW - ✔✔D
✔✔During system restoration, frequency has decayed for an islanded system to 59.05
Hz and is decaying rapidly. The operator should:
a) Notify PJM and seek advice
b) Call on additional generation
c) Wait for the system to settle out
d) Immediately shed load to recover the frequency - ✔✔D
