LCDC REVISION EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔Screening Instrument - ✔✔This distinguishes individuals who do not have a disorder
from those who might have one.
✔✔` - ✔✔`
✔✔CAGE - ✔✔4 questions - Yes to 1 indicates possibility of alcohol dependence. Cut
down? Annoyed by criticism of drinking behavior? Guilty about drinking? Eye-opener?
✔✔DAST - ✔✔Drug Abuse Screening Test (adapted from MAST) used to detect abuse
or dependence on drugs other than alcohol.
✔✔MAST - ✔✔Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - yes or no to 25 questions.
✔✔RAPS-4 (Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen) - ✔✔An answer of yes to one or more
questions indcates the possibility of alcohol dependence during the past year. The
questions have to do with remorse, amnesia, performance of life duties, and starting the
day with alcohol.
✔✔SASSI (Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory) - ✔✔This brief self-report is
designed to identify individuals with a high probability of having a substance related
disorder.
✔✔SASSI-A2 - ✔✔Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory for Adolescents ages
12 to 18.
✔✔TLFB (Time Line Follow Back Procedure) - ✔✔This is a Comprehensive Measure of
Drinking which makes connections between significant events in the client's life and
alcohol/drug use patterns and intensity, for the past year.
✔✔ADS (Alcohol Dependence Scale) - ✔✔This diagnostic instrument is a 25-item
instrument that provides a quantitative measure of the severity of alcohol dependence.
✔✔DIS-IV (Diagnostic Interview Schedule - Alcohol Module) - ✔✔This diagnostic
instrument asks 28 questions that permit diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence.
✔✔ICS (Impaired Control Scale) - ✔✔This diagnostic instrument is a pencil and paper
self-administered insturment that measures clients' attempts to control drinking during
the last 6 months and their perception of their ability to control it now.
✔✔OCDS - ✔✔Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale
,✔✔SADD - ✔✔Short Alcohol Dependence Data
✔✔SDSS - ✔✔Substance Dependence Severity Scale
✔✔ASI (Addiction Severity Index) - ✔✔This is a semi-structured interview with seven
subscales addressing problems in the areas of family/social status, medical status,
employment and support, drug use, alcohol use, legal status, and psychiatric status. It is
useful for treatment planning and outcome evaluation with adult clients.
✔✔AUI (Alcohol Use Inventory) - ✔✔This self-report inventory is in multiple-choice
format, for ages 16 and up. It is based on the multiple condition theory, which takes into
account individuals' different styles of drinking, perceptions of alcohol's benefits and
consequences, and how they want to deal with drinking problems.
✔✔CBI (Coping Behaviors Index) - ✔✔This instrument measures factors related to
relapse risk: positive thinking, negative thinking, avoidance/distraction, and seeking
social supports.
✔✔WAIS-III (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) - ✔✔This is a popular intelligence test.
✔✔The Strong Interest Inventory - ✔✔A vocational interest scale that compares clients'
interests to those of people who are happy in different occupations.
✔✔MMPI-2 - ✔✔The Minnesorta Multiphasic Personality Inventory contaings several
clinical scales that detect pathology including the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale.
✔✔The Mental Status Exam - ✔✔A series of observations about a client's appearance,
behavior, attention, mood, affect, perceptual and thought processes, judgement, and
memory at a given point in time. Includes observations of a client's orientation to time,
place and person.
✔✔MBTI (The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) - ✔✔This is a personality inventory that
looks at clients' preferred ways of being in the world and assigns them to 1 of 16
personality types. Frequently used in vocational and relationship counseling.
✔✔The Beck Depression Inventory II - ✔✔Used to track changing levels of depression
over the course of treatment for clients age 13 and over. Individuals rate themselves on
21 groups of statements that tap the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and physiological
symptoms of depression for the 2 weeks prior to testing.
✔✔Biomarkers - ✔✔Measuring these physiological markers at intervals throughout
treatment may provide early identification of relapse.
,✔✔EMIT - ✔✔Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Test - this urine testing kit uses
antibodies that react to the presence of a drug or its metabolites.
✔✔GGT - ✔✔Gamma-glutamyltransferase - indicates prolonged, rather than episodic
drinking.
✔✔ASAT - ✔✔Aspartate aminotransferase - screens for heavy drinking.
✔✔ALAT - ✔✔Alanine aminotransferase - screens for heavy drinking.
✔✔CDT - ✔✔Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin - sensitive enough to pick up moderate
drinking over a peoiod of a few weeks.
✔✔SOCRATES - ✔✔A readiness-to-change scale that stands for Stages Of Change
Readiness And Treatment Eagerness Scale.
✔✔URICA - ✔✔A readiness-to-change scale that stands for the University of Rhode
Island Change Assessment.
✔✔FTQ - ✔✔Family Tree Questionnaire helps clients report information about the
incidence of alcohol problems in their blood relatives.
✔✔Genogram - ✔✔A pictorial representation of family structure, using a least three
generations and a standard set of symbols.
✔✔DSM-IV-TR - ✔✔Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
Edition, Text Revision (APA, 2000).
✔✔Axis I - ✔✔Contains 16 categories of clinical disorders, one of which is Substance
Related Disorders.
✔✔Substance Related Disorders - ✔✔This category of clinical disorders in Axis I of the
DSM IV-TR includes both Substance Use Disorders and Substance Induced Disorders.
✔✔Substance Use Disorders - ✔✔This sub-category of Substance Related Disorders
includes both Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence.
✔✔Substance Induced Disorders - ✔✔These Axis I disorders are a sub-category of
Substance Related Disorders and can include Substance Intoxication and Substance
Withdrawal, Substance induced delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnesic
disorder, psychotic disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction
disorder, and sleep disorder.
, ✔✔Axis II - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV- TR includes the personality disorders as well as
mental retardation.
✔✔Cluster A - ✔✔Axis II disorders that feature odd, eccentric, isolative, or suspicious
behavior. They include Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal personality disorders.
✔✔Cluster B - ✔✔Axis II disorders that often co-occur with substance abuse and
dependence, and are characterized by dramatic, emotional, erratic, or impulsive
behavior, or a reduced capacity for empathy. They include Antisocial Personality
Disorder, BPD, Histrionic Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
✔✔Antisocial Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
✔✔Borderline Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and control over
inpulses. Features may include frantic attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment,
impulsivity in at least two areas that are self-damaging, chronic feelings of emptiness.
✔✔Histrionic Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, often with provocative dress.
✔✔Narcissistic Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
✔✔Cluster C - ✔✔These Axis II personality disorders feature anxious, fearful, and
perfectionistic behavior. They are the Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive
personality disorders.
✔✔` - ✔✔`
✔✔Axis V - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV -TR is the Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF) scale, which assigns a number from 1 to 100 to the counselor's judgement of the
client's overall level of psychological, social and occupational functioning.
✔✔Substance Abuse - ✔✔A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically
significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least one of the four following
criteria occurring within a 12- month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a
failure to fulfill major obligations at home, school or work, recurrent substance use in
situations in which it is physically hazardous, recurrent substance use legal problems,
and continued substance use despite having persistent or recurring problems caused or
exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
✔✔Substance Dependence - ✔✔A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to
clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 3 or more of the following
SURE A+
✔✔Screening Instrument - ✔✔This distinguishes individuals who do not have a disorder
from those who might have one.
✔✔` - ✔✔`
✔✔CAGE - ✔✔4 questions - Yes to 1 indicates possibility of alcohol dependence. Cut
down? Annoyed by criticism of drinking behavior? Guilty about drinking? Eye-opener?
✔✔DAST - ✔✔Drug Abuse Screening Test (adapted from MAST) used to detect abuse
or dependence on drugs other than alcohol.
✔✔MAST - ✔✔Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - yes or no to 25 questions.
✔✔RAPS-4 (Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen) - ✔✔An answer of yes to one or more
questions indcates the possibility of alcohol dependence during the past year. The
questions have to do with remorse, amnesia, performance of life duties, and starting the
day with alcohol.
✔✔SASSI (Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory) - ✔✔This brief self-report is
designed to identify individuals with a high probability of having a substance related
disorder.
✔✔SASSI-A2 - ✔✔Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory for Adolescents ages
12 to 18.
✔✔TLFB (Time Line Follow Back Procedure) - ✔✔This is a Comprehensive Measure of
Drinking which makes connections between significant events in the client's life and
alcohol/drug use patterns and intensity, for the past year.
✔✔ADS (Alcohol Dependence Scale) - ✔✔This diagnostic instrument is a 25-item
instrument that provides a quantitative measure of the severity of alcohol dependence.
✔✔DIS-IV (Diagnostic Interview Schedule - Alcohol Module) - ✔✔This diagnostic
instrument asks 28 questions that permit diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence.
✔✔ICS (Impaired Control Scale) - ✔✔This diagnostic instrument is a pencil and paper
self-administered insturment that measures clients' attempts to control drinking during
the last 6 months and their perception of their ability to control it now.
✔✔OCDS - ✔✔Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale
,✔✔SADD - ✔✔Short Alcohol Dependence Data
✔✔SDSS - ✔✔Substance Dependence Severity Scale
✔✔ASI (Addiction Severity Index) - ✔✔This is a semi-structured interview with seven
subscales addressing problems in the areas of family/social status, medical status,
employment and support, drug use, alcohol use, legal status, and psychiatric status. It is
useful for treatment planning and outcome evaluation with adult clients.
✔✔AUI (Alcohol Use Inventory) - ✔✔This self-report inventory is in multiple-choice
format, for ages 16 and up. It is based on the multiple condition theory, which takes into
account individuals' different styles of drinking, perceptions of alcohol's benefits and
consequences, and how they want to deal with drinking problems.
✔✔CBI (Coping Behaviors Index) - ✔✔This instrument measures factors related to
relapse risk: positive thinking, negative thinking, avoidance/distraction, and seeking
social supports.
✔✔WAIS-III (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) - ✔✔This is a popular intelligence test.
✔✔The Strong Interest Inventory - ✔✔A vocational interest scale that compares clients'
interests to those of people who are happy in different occupations.
✔✔MMPI-2 - ✔✔The Minnesorta Multiphasic Personality Inventory contaings several
clinical scales that detect pathology including the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale.
✔✔The Mental Status Exam - ✔✔A series of observations about a client's appearance,
behavior, attention, mood, affect, perceptual and thought processes, judgement, and
memory at a given point in time. Includes observations of a client's orientation to time,
place and person.
✔✔MBTI (The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) - ✔✔This is a personality inventory that
looks at clients' preferred ways of being in the world and assigns them to 1 of 16
personality types. Frequently used in vocational and relationship counseling.
✔✔The Beck Depression Inventory II - ✔✔Used to track changing levels of depression
over the course of treatment for clients age 13 and over. Individuals rate themselves on
21 groups of statements that tap the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and physiological
symptoms of depression for the 2 weeks prior to testing.
✔✔Biomarkers - ✔✔Measuring these physiological markers at intervals throughout
treatment may provide early identification of relapse.
,✔✔EMIT - ✔✔Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Test - this urine testing kit uses
antibodies that react to the presence of a drug or its metabolites.
✔✔GGT - ✔✔Gamma-glutamyltransferase - indicates prolonged, rather than episodic
drinking.
✔✔ASAT - ✔✔Aspartate aminotransferase - screens for heavy drinking.
✔✔ALAT - ✔✔Alanine aminotransferase - screens for heavy drinking.
✔✔CDT - ✔✔Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin - sensitive enough to pick up moderate
drinking over a peoiod of a few weeks.
✔✔SOCRATES - ✔✔A readiness-to-change scale that stands for Stages Of Change
Readiness And Treatment Eagerness Scale.
✔✔URICA - ✔✔A readiness-to-change scale that stands for the University of Rhode
Island Change Assessment.
✔✔FTQ - ✔✔Family Tree Questionnaire helps clients report information about the
incidence of alcohol problems in their blood relatives.
✔✔Genogram - ✔✔A pictorial representation of family structure, using a least three
generations and a standard set of symbols.
✔✔DSM-IV-TR - ✔✔Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth
Edition, Text Revision (APA, 2000).
✔✔Axis I - ✔✔Contains 16 categories of clinical disorders, one of which is Substance
Related Disorders.
✔✔Substance Related Disorders - ✔✔This category of clinical disorders in Axis I of the
DSM IV-TR includes both Substance Use Disorders and Substance Induced Disorders.
✔✔Substance Use Disorders - ✔✔This sub-category of Substance Related Disorders
includes both Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence.
✔✔Substance Induced Disorders - ✔✔These Axis I disorders are a sub-category of
Substance Related Disorders and can include Substance Intoxication and Substance
Withdrawal, Substance induced delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnesic
disorder, psychotic disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction
disorder, and sleep disorder.
, ✔✔Axis II - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV- TR includes the personality disorders as well as
mental retardation.
✔✔Cluster A - ✔✔Axis II disorders that feature odd, eccentric, isolative, or suspicious
behavior. They include Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal personality disorders.
✔✔Cluster B - ✔✔Axis II disorders that often co-occur with substance abuse and
dependence, and are characterized by dramatic, emotional, erratic, or impulsive
behavior, or a reduced capacity for empathy. They include Antisocial Personality
Disorder, BPD, Histrionic Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder.
✔✔Antisocial Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others.
✔✔Borderline Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and control over
inpulses. Features may include frantic attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment,
impulsivity in at least two areas that are self-damaging, chronic feelings of emptiness.
✔✔Histrionic Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, often with provocative dress.
✔✔Narcissistic Personality Disorder - ✔✔This personality disorder features a pervasive
pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
✔✔Cluster C - ✔✔These Axis II personality disorders feature anxious, fearful, and
perfectionistic behavior. They are the Avoidant, Dependent, and Obsessive-Compulsive
personality disorders.
✔✔` - ✔✔`
✔✔Axis V - ✔✔This axis of the DSM IV -TR is the Global Assessment of Functioning
(GAF) scale, which assigns a number from 1 to 100 to the counselor's judgement of the
client's overall level of psychological, social and occupational functioning.
✔✔Substance Abuse - ✔✔A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically
significant impairment or distress, as manifested by at least one of the four following
criteria occurring within a 12- month period: recurrent substance use resulting in a
failure to fulfill major obligations at home, school or work, recurrent substance use in
situations in which it is physically hazardous, recurrent substance use legal problems,
and continued substance use despite having persistent or recurring problems caused or
exacerbated by the effects of the substance.
✔✔Substance Dependence - ✔✔A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to
clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by 3 or more of the following
