Bill of Rights - ANSWER The first 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution became the Bill
of Rights in 1791. They defined citizens' rights in relation to the newly established govern-
ment under the Constitution.
Common Sense (Thomas Paine) - ANSWER Published in 1776, Common Sense challenged
the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Paine used plain language
that spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to openly ask for inde-
pendence from Great Britain.
Globalization - ANSWER Commonly used as a shorthand way of describing the spread
and connectedness of production, communication and technologies across the world. That
spread has involved the interlacing of economic and cultural activity.
Caddo Indians - ANSWER Lived in east and northeast Texas. Most of the Caddo farms and
villages were near flowing creeks or springs with fresh water. They farmed because were no
big herds of buffalo or other animals to hunt. They were sedentary because they farmed and
did not have to move around to get food so they had permanent houses. They also traded
goods all over Texas, the Mississippi river valley and the southeastern United States. They
had a structured social system.
Mary Austin Holley - ANSWER Lived 1784-1846 and was an American historical writer
best known as the author of the first known English-language history of Texas(1833). She
was a cousin Mary Austin Holley of Stephen F. Austin, who arranged for Holley to receive a
land grant on Galveston Bay
Lorenzo de Zavala - ANSWER A colonizer and statesman, Manuel Lorenzo Justiniano de
Zavala was one of the most talented and capable of the many native Mexicans involved in
Texas' struggle for independence from Mexico.
1
,At the Convention of 1836, de Zavala was elected vice-president of the interim government
of the Republic of Texas.
Lyndon B. Johnson - ANSWER President of the U.S. from 1963-1969, also had a long his-
tory as a Congressman and Senator beginning in 1937. In Congress, Johnson worked hard for
rural electrification, public housing, and eliminating government waste. As Senator he
guided the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and 1964 as President. During his time in
Congress and as President he was also instrumental in the development of the space pro-
gram that eventually landed a man on the moon in 1969. His domestic program was known
as The Great Society.
Economic nationalism - ANSWER A term used to describe policies which emphasize do-
mestic control of the economy, labor and capital formation, even if this requires the imposi-
tion of tariffs and other restrictions on the movement of labor, goods and capital. It opposes
globalization in many cases, or at least it questions the benefits of unrestricted free trade.
Expansionism - ANSWER As the American factory system developed the U.S. needed to
find foreign markets in which to sell its manufactured products and from which to acquire
raw goods. Initially, the policy that the U.S. pursued to meet its growing economic needs was
one of expansionism rather than imperialism. Instead of imposing a military presence and
colonial government—as many European countries were doing in Africa and throughout the
globe—the U.S. aimed to advance its interests through investments and business transac-
tions. American businesses began opening up production sites and markets in Latin America
and elsewhere.
Manifest Destiny - ANSWER Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan coined the term "manifest
destiny" in 1845 to describe the philosophy and belief that the U.S. should expand across the
entire continent. It was this belief that spurred the westward movement of the young na-
tion. It had connections to economic motives (land, fur trade, etc.) as well as cultural mo-
tives (the perceived superiority of the American culture).
WoodrowWilson's Fourteen Points - ANSWER President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen
Points became the basis for a peace program that led Germany and her allies to agree to an
armistice in November 1918. The 14 points dealt with certain issues that were involved in
WWI. One of the points called for a League of Nations.
2
, Good Neighbor Policy - ANSWER President Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office deter-
mined to improve relations with the nations of Central and South America. Under his leader-
ship the United States emphasized cooperation and trade rather than military force to main-
tain stability in the hemisphere. In his inaugural address on March 4, 1933, Roosevelt stated:
"In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor--
the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of
others."
The Marshall Plan - ANSWER U.S. Secretary of State George Marshal introduced this in a
speech in 1947. It was a plan to help the economies of European countries that had been
devastated by World War II recover and rebuild.
Jamestown - ANSWER The first permanent English settlement in North America on the
banks of the James River in Virginia in 1607. Famine, disease and conflict with local Native
American tribes in the first two years brought Jamestown to the brink of failure before the
arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies in 1610.
Mexican-American War - ANSWER The Mexican-American War had two basic causes.
First, the desire of the U.S. to expand across the North American continent to the Pacific
Ocean caused conflict with all of its neighbors. Second, was the desire of newly independent
Texas to join the U.S., an idea that Mexico opposed.
The Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo - ANSWER Ended the Mexican-American War in Febru-
ary 2, 1848
Battle of Veracruz - ANSWER Important and climatic battle of the Mexican-American War
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda - ANSWER First known European to explore and map the Texas
coastline in 1519.
3
of Rights in 1791. They defined citizens' rights in relation to the newly established govern-
ment under the Constitution.
Common Sense (Thomas Paine) - ANSWER Published in 1776, Common Sense challenged
the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. Paine used plain language
that spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to openly ask for inde-
pendence from Great Britain.
Globalization - ANSWER Commonly used as a shorthand way of describing the spread
and connectedness of production, communication and technologies across the world. That
spread has involved the interlacing of economic and cultural activity.
Caddo Indians - ANSWER Lived in east and northeast Texas. Most of the Caddo farms and
villages were near flowing creeks or springs with fresh water. They farmed because were no
big herds of buffalo or other animals to hunt. They were sedentary because they farmed and
did not have to move around to get food so they had permanent houses. They also traded
goods all over Texas, the Mississippi river valley and the southeastern United States. They
had a structured social system.
Mary Austin Holley - ANSWER Lived 1784-1846 and was an American historical writer
best known as the author of the first known English-language history of Texas(1833). She
was a cousin Mary Austin Holley of Stephen F. Austin, who arranged for Holley to receive a
land grant on Galveston Bay
Lorenzo de Zavala - ANSWER A colonizer and statesman, Manuel Lorenzo Justiniano de
Zavala was one of the most talented and capable of the many native Mexicans involved in
Texas' struggle for independence from Mexico.
1
,At the Convention of 1836, de Zavala was elected vice-president of the interim government
of the Republic of Texas.
Lyndon B. Johnson - ANSWER President of the U.S. from 1963-1969, also had a long his-
tory as a Congressman and Senator beginning in 1937. In Congress, Johnson worked hard for
rural electrification, public housing, and eliminating government waste. As Senator he
guided the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and 1964 as President. During his time in
Congress and as President he was also instrumental in the development of the space pro-
gram that eventually landed a man on the moon in 1969. His domestic program was known
as The Great Society.
Economic nationalism - ANSWER A term used to describe policies which emphasize do-
mestic control of the economy, labor and capital formation, even if this requires the imposi-
tion of tariffs and other restrictions on the movement of labor, goods and capital. It opposes
globalization in many cases, or at least it questions the benefits of unrestricted free trade.
Expansionism - ANSWER As the American factory system developed the U.S. needed to
find foreign markets in which to sell its manufactured products and from which to acquire
raw goods. Initially, the policy that the U.S. pursued to meet its growing economic needs was
one of expansionism rather than imperialism. Instead of imposing a military presence and
colonial government—as many European countries were doing in Africa and throughout the
globe—the U.S. aimed to advance its interests through investments and business transac-
tions. American businesses began opening up production sites and markets in Latin America
and elsewhere.
Manifest Destiny - ANSWER Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan coined the term "manifest
destiny" in 1845 to describe the philosophy and belief that the U.S. should expand across the
entire continent. It was this belief that spurred the westward movement of the young na-
tion. It had connections to economic motives (land, fur trade, etc.) as well as cultural mo-
tives (the perceived superiority of the American culture).
WoodrowWilson's Fourteen Points - ANSWER President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen
Points became the basis for a peace program that led Germany and her allies to agree to an
armistice in November 1918. The 14 points dealt with certain issues that were involved in
WWI. One of the points called for a League of Nations.
2
, Good Neighbor Policy - ANSWER President Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office deter-
mined to improve relations with the nations of Central and South America. Under his leader-
ship the United States emphasized cooperation and trade rather than military force to main-
tain stability in the hemisphere. In his inaugural address on March 4, 1933, Roosevelt stated:
"In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor--
the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of
others."
The Marshall Plan - ANSWER U.S. Secretary of State George Marshal introduced this in a
speech in 1947. It was a plan to help the economies of European countries that had been
devastated by World War II recover and rebuild.
Jamestown - ANSWER The first permanent English settlement in North America on the
banks of the James River in Virginia in 1607. Famine, disease and conflict with local Native
American tribes in the first two years brought Jamestown to the brink of failure before the
arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies in 1610.
Mexican-American War - ANSWER The Mexican-American War had two basic causes.
First, the desire of the U.S. to expand across the North American continent to the Pacific
Ocean caused conflict with all of its neighbors. Second, was the desire of newly independent
Texas to join the U.S., an idea that Mexico opposed.
The Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo - ANSWER Ended the Mexican-American War in Febru-
ary 2, 1848
Battle of Veracruz - ANSWER Important and climatic battle of the Mexican-American War
Alonso Alvarez de Pineda - ANSWER First known European to explore and map the Texas
coastline in 1519.
3
