BIL 150 - TEST 2 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
eukaryotes - Correct Answers -have a nucleus
contain many internal membrane bound organelles
2 types of eukaryotes - Correct Answers -animal cell (metazoan)
plant cell (metaphytian)
7 common characteristics of eukaryotes - Correct Answers -nucleus/have genes in
chromosome
flexible cell walls
internal membranes
cytoskeleton
organelles
sexual reproduction
larger
major eukaryotic cell organelles - Correct Answers -nucleus
mitochondria
plastids
chloroplast
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum (smooth/rough)
golgi bodies
lysosome
proteasomes
cytoskeleton
centrosome
nucleus - Correct Answers -largest organelle
found in all eukaryotic cells
mesosome - Correct Answers -folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria
that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for
electron micrsocopy
components of nucleus - Correct Answers -nuclear envelope
nuclear pore complexes
chromatin
nucleolus
,nucleoplasm
chromatin - Correct Answers -genetic stuff inside of nucleus
DNA + histone proteins + acidic nuclear proteins
types of chromatin - Correct Answers -heterochromatin - condensed and inactive (dark)
euchromatin - less dense and active (greyish)
nucleolus - Correct Answers -site of rDNA genes which makes rRNA
how do large proteins get in/out of nucleus - Correct Answers -1980s - Ron Laskey -
nucleoplasmin
nucleoplasmin - Correct Answers -contains 17 amino acid sequence - nuclear
localization sequence (signal) = mechanism for nuclear protein transport
mitochondria - Correct Answers -site of cellular respiration, converting energy into ATP
parts of mitochondria - Correct Answers -outer membrane - contains transport protein
porin
inner membrane - selectively permeable
cristae - inner membranes that hold respiratory assemblies of ETC
mitoplasm - aqueous compartment
properties of mitochondria - Correct Answers -structure - shape-shifters
number - 20 to 1,000 per cell depending on activity level of cell
contents - own circular DNA, ribosomes, and protein synthesizing abilities
plastids - Correct Answers -group of double membrane bound plant cell organelles
(found in all plants)
produce organis required by plant cells and stores polymers of carbon and contains
various pigments
proplastid - Correct Answers -precursor plastid found in apical meristems
types of plastids made from proplastids - Correct Answers -1) etioplasts - chloroplasts
developed in dark, interior array of crystalline membranes
2) leucoplasts - non-pigmentous, variably shaped plastids for storage
3) chromoplasts - plastids with water soluble pigments
chloroplast - Correct Answers -develops in the light from proplastid
site of autotrophic metabolism
contents of chloroplast - Correct Answers -internal membrane system (thylakoids and
grana)
70s ribosomes
, lipid droplets
naked DNA pieces
starch granules and pyrenoids
enzymes of CO2 reduction to CH2O
similarities between bacteria and mitochondria/chloroplasts - Correct Answers -double
membrane bound
semiautonomous
own DNA
sequence homology
ribosomes are 70s (not 80s like eukaryotes)
endosymbiotic theory - Correct Answers -idea that mitochondria/chloroplasts were
bacteria that were taken up into animal cells and eventually became organelles because
both experienced mutual benefit
ribosome - Correct Answers -subcell ribonucleo-protein particle
site of cellular protein synthesis
where to find ribosomes - Correct Answers -1) free in cytoplams
2) membrane bound
3) attached to mRNA molecule in polysome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -tubular membranes without
ribosomes
function - lipid and bile biosynthesis and drug detoxification
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -surface of cisternae with ribosomes
function - synthesizes, transports, and packages proteins into membrane vesicles
glycosylation - Correct Answers -adding carbohydrate groups to ER proteins leads to
glycoproteins
glycoproteins - help transport proteins to specific cell sites proteins that have many
sorting signals
golgi bodies - Correct Answers -internal membrane system for
1) endocytosis - packaging of extracellular molecules for internal digestion
2) exocytosis - packaging and delivery of newly synthesized proteins/carbs for extra-
cellular secretion
structure and function of golgi apparatus - Correct Answers -CIS side - where proteins
arrive
MEDIAL cisternae elements - proteins are modified with sulfates, carbohydrates and
lipids
TRANS side - where proteins exit
ANSWERS
eukaryotes - Correct Answers -have a nucleus
contain many internal membrane bound organelles
2 types of eukaryotes - Correct Answers -animal cell (metazoan)
plant cell (metaphytian)
7 common characteristics of eukaryotes - Correct Answers -nucleus/have genes in
chromosome
flexible cell walls
internal membranes
cytoskeleton
organelles
sexual reproduction
larger
major eukaryotic cell organelles - Correct Answers -nucleus
mitochondria
plastids
chloroplast
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum (smooth/rough)
golgi bodies
lysosome
proteasomes
cytoskeleton
centrosome
nucleus - Correct Answers -largest organelle
found in all eukaryotic cells
mesosome - Correct Answers -folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of bacteria
that are produced by the chemical fixation techniques used to prepare samples for
electron micrsocopy
components of nucleus - Correct Answers -nuclear envelope
nuclear pore complexes
chromatin
nucleolus
,nucleoplasm
chromatin - Correct Answers -genetic stuff inside of nucleus
DNA + histone proteins + acidic nuclear proteins
types of chromatin - Correct Answers -heterochromatin - condensed and inactive (dark)
euchromatin - less dense and active (greyish)
nucleolus - Correct Answers -site of rDNA genes which makes rRNA
how do large proteins get in/out of nucleus - Correct Answers -1980s - Ron Laskey -
nucleoplasmin
nucleoplasmin - Correct Answers -contains 17 amino acid sequence - nuclear
localization sequence (signal) = mechanism for nuclear protein transport
mitochondria - Correct Answers -site of cellular respiration, converting energy into ATP
parts of mitochondria - Correct Answers -outer membrane - contains transport protein
porin
inner membrane - selectively permeable
cristae - inner membranes that hold respiratory assemblies of ETC
mitoplasm - aqueous compartment
properties of mitochondria - Correct Answers -structure - shape-shifters
number - 20 to 1,000 per cell depending on activity level of cell
contents - own circular DNA, ribosomes, and protein synthesizing abilities
plastids - Correct Answers -group of double membrane bound plant cell organelles
(found in all plants)
produce organis required by plant cells and stores polymers of carbon and contains
various pigments
proplastid - Correct Answers -precursor plastid found in apical meristems
types of plastids made from proplastids - Correct Answers -1) etioplasts - chloroplasts
developed in dark, interior array of crystalline membranes
2) leucoplasts - non-pigmentous, variably shaped plastids for storage
3) chromoplasts - plastids with water soluble pigments
chloroplast - Correct Answers -develops in the light from proplastid
site of autotrophic metabolism
contents of chloroplast - Correct Answers -internal membrane system (thylakoids and
grana)
70s ribosomes
, lipid droplets
naked DNA pieces
starch granules and pyrenoids
enzymes of CO2 reduction to CH2O
similarities between bacteria and mitochondria/chloroplasts - Correct Answers -double
membrane bound
semiautonomous
own DNA
sequence homology
ribosomes are 70s (not 80s like eukaryotes)
endosymbiotic theory - Correct Answers -idea that mitochondria/chloroplasts were
bacteria that were taken up into animal cells and eventually became organelles because
both experienced mutual benefit
ribosome - Correct Answers -subcell ribonucleo-protein particle
site of cellular protein synthesis
where to find ribosomes - Correct Answers -1) free in cytoplams
2) membrane bound
3) attached to mRNA molecule in polysome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -tubular membranes without
ribosomes
function - lipid and bile biosynthesis and drug detoxification
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Correct Answers -surface of cisternae with ribosomes
function - synthesizes, transports, and packages proteins into membrane vesicles
glycosylation - Correct Answers -adding carbohydrate groups to ER proteins leads to
glycoproteins
glycoproteins - help transport proteins to specific cell sites proteins that have many
sorting signals
golgi bodies - Correct Answers -internal membrane system for
1) endocytosis - packaging of extracellular molecules for internal digestion
2) exocytosis - packaging and delivery of newly synthesized proteins/carbs for extra-
cellular secretion
structure and function of golgi apparatus - Correct Answers -CIS side - where proteins
arrive
MEDIAL cisternae elements - proteins are modified with sulfates, carbohydrates and
lipids
TRANS side - where proteins exit
