BIOS256 / BIOS 256 Exam 1: (Latest 2026 /
2027 Update) Anatomy & Physiology IV
with Lab | Review Questions with Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A -
Chamberlain
This "BIOS 256 - Exam 1 Chamberlain" study set contains 132 questions and
answers covering the anatomy and physiology of the human digestive system. The
primary focus is on gastrointestinal anatomy, digestive processes, enzymes, and
hormonal regulation.
The 132 questions and answers are organized around the following core
concepts:
1. Digestive System Functions
The gastrointestinal tract performs six primary processes:
• Ingestion: Selective intake of food.
• Digestion: Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into usable
nutrients.
• Propulsion: Movement of food through the GI tract, including swallowing
(deglutition) and involuntary muscular waves (peristalsis).
• Absorption: Movement of nutrients from the GI tract to the blood or
lymph.
• Compaction & Defecation: Absorbing water and eliminating indigestible
residues as feces.
2. Stomach Cells and Secretions
Questions test the cellular composition of gastric glands and what they secrete:
• Chief Cells: Produce pepsinogen (breaks down proteins) and gastric lipase
(digests lipids).
1
, • Parietal Cells: Secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) to activate pepsinogen and
denature proteins, as well as intrinsic factor—a glycoprotein essential for
Vitamin B12 absorption.
• Enteroendocrine Cells: Produce hormones that regulate digestion.
3. Nervous and Hormonal Regulation
• Nerve Control: Digestion is regulated by the myenteric plexus (which
controls peristalsis) and the submucosal plexus (which controls secretions).
• Key Hormones:
o Gastrin: Stimulates gastric motility and acid production.
o Secretin: Triggers the pancreas to release bicarbonate juice.
o Ghrelin: Increases appetite.
4. Accessory Organs and the Biliary System
• Liver: Produces bile to emulsify lipids, detoxifies blood, and metabolizes
macronutrients.
• Gallbladder: Stores and concentrates bile.
• Pancreas: Produces both endocrine (insulin/glucagon) and exocrine
(pancreatic juices/enzymes) secretions.
• Hepatic Triad: Questions frequently require identifying the three vessels:
hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile duct.
Quiz_________________?
what is defecation? -
Answer
elimination of feces
2
, Quiz_________________?
What is the defecation reflex? -
Answer
an involuntary response of the lower bowels promoting or even inhibiting a bowel
movement.
Quiz_________________?
what is degluition? -
Answer
swallowing
Quiz_________________?
what is mastication? -
Answer
chewing
Quiz_________________?
what is peristalsis? -
Answer
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine
3
, Quiz_________________?
what is segmentation? -
Answer
ring like constrictions in several places along the intestines
Quiz_________________?
what is the product of chief cells? -
Answer
pepsinogen
Quiz_________________?
what is the product of enteroendocrine cells? -
Answer
serotonin
Quiz_________________?
what is the product of parietal cells? -
Answer
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Quiz_________________?
4
2027 Update) Anatomy & Physiology IV
with Lab | Review Questions with Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A -
Chamberlain
This "BIOS 256 - Exam 1 Chamberlain" study set contains 132 questions and
answers covering the anatomy and physiology of the human digestive system. The
primary focus is on gastrointestinal anatomy, digestive processes, enzymes, and
hormonal regulation.
The 132 questions and answers are organized around the following core
concepts:
1. Digestive System Functions
The gastrointestinal tract performs six primary processes:
• Ingestion: Selective intake of food.
• Digestion: Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into usable
nutrients.
• Propulsion: Movement of food through the GI tract, including swallowing
(deglutition) and involuntary muscular waves (peristalsis).
• Absorption: Movement of nutrients from the GI tract to the blood or
lymph.
• Compaction & Defecation: Absorbing water and eliminating indigestible
residues as feces.
2. Stomach Cells and Secretions
Questions test the cellular composition of gastric glands and what they secrete:
• Chief Cells: Produce pepsinogen (breaks down proteins) and gastric lipase
(digests lipids).
1
, • Parietal Cells: Secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) to activate pepsinogen and
denature proteins, as well as intrinsic factor—a glycoprotein essential for
Vitamin B12 absorption.
• Enteroendocrine Cells: Produce hormones that regulate digestion.
3. Nervous and Hormonal Regulation
• Nerve Control: Digestion is regulated by the myenteric plexus (which
controls peristalsis) and the submucosal plexus (which controls secretions).
• Key Hormones:
o Gastrin: Stimulates gastric motility and acid production.
o Secretin: Triggers the pancreas to release bicarbonate juice.
o Ghrelin: Increases appetite.
4. Accessory Organs and the Biliary System
• Liver: Produces bile to emulsify lipids, detoxifies blood, and metabolizes
macronutrients.
• Gallbladder: Stores and concentrates bile.
• Pancreas: Produces both endocrine (insulin/glucagon) and exocrine
(pancreatic juices/enzymes) secretions.
• Hepatic Triad: Questions frequently require identifying the three vessels:
hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and bile duct.
Quiz_________________?
what is defecation? -
Answer
elimination of feces
2
, Quiz_________________?
What is the defecation reflex? -
Answer
an involuntary response of the lower bowels promoting or even inhibiting a bowel
movement.
Quiz_________________?
what is degluition? -
Answer
swallowing
Quiz_________________?
what is mastication? -
Answer
chewing
Quiz_________________?
what is peristalsis? -
Answer
the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine
3
, Quiz_________________?
what is segmentation? -
Answer
ring like constrictions in several places along the intestines
Quiz_________________?
what is the product of chief cells? -
Answer
pepsinogen
Quiz_________________?
what is the product of enteroendocrine cells? -
Answer
serotonin
Quiz_________________?
what is the product of parietal cells? -
Answer
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Quiz_________________?
4
