CBIC A IPC FINAL PAPER SOLVED
QUESTIONS WITH FULL PRACTICE
SOLUTION
●● Define aerosols.What are they most commonly produced by?
Answer: small particles less than 10 µm that can remain airborne and
viable for extended periods of time in the environment. Aerosols are
most commonly produced and generated by things like water and air
syringes.
●● Define airborne transmission.
Answer: the mode and means of transmission for a pathogen that is
airborne and then possibly inhaled by the host as droplet nuclei.
●● What is alcohol-based hand rub?
Answer: an alcohol-containing preparation designed for reducing the
number of viable microorganisms on the hands. These rubs are not a
substitute for good hand washing and they are only to be used when
hand washing facilities and materials are not available.
●● What is an allergen?
Answer: an antigen which can cause hypersensitivity and an allergic
reaction in the host. Hosts can have sensitivity to medications, foods and
other environmental sources like toxins.
,●● Define allergic contact dermatitis. Give examples of things that can
cause it.
Answer: swelling or irritation of the skin that results from contact with a
chemical. It is often localized to the area of the body that touched the
contaminated item, which occurs slowly over twelve to forty eight hours
after direct contact. Some examples of chemicals that can lead to allergic
contact dermatitis include latex or another component in gloves, as well
as plants like poison ivy and poison oak.
●● What is anaphylaxis? What are the signs and symptoms?
Answer: a severe and life threatening allergic response that occurs
during exposure to an allergen like penicillin, latex in gloves and some
pollens. The signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis are hives, itching,
respiratory problems, anaphylactic shock, coma and in some cases,
death.
●● What is the difference between the first and second dose of
anaphylaxis?
Answer: The first exposure or dose is referred to as the sensitizing
exposure or dose the second exposure or dose is the one that leads to
anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock.
●● Define antibodies.
Answer: proteins in the blood produced as the result of exposure to an
antigen or pathogen. Antibodies bind to antigens and destroy them.
,●● Define antigens.
Answer: a protein or carbohydrate substance that enters the body and
activates the immune process by stimulating the production of protective
antibodies.
●● What is antiseptic? Give examples.
Answer: a germicidal solution that can be used to inhibit the growth of
microorganisms, including pathogens, or to destroy it. Some examples
of antiseptics hexachlorophene, iodine, alcohol and antiseptic hand
washes.
●● Define asepsis. What are the two types of asepsis?
Answer: a method used to prevent the spread of infection. The two types
of asepsis are medical asepsis, or clean procedure, and surgical/sterile
asepsis.
●● What is bacterial count? What unit of measurement does it use?
Answer: an estimation of the number of organisms in a unit of
measurement. Bacterial counts are usually determined in terms of
colony-forming-units per square centimeter/ per milliliter.
●● What is bio-burden? What is it also referred to as?
, Answer: the number of viable microorganisms on a surface or an object
prior to decontamination and/ or sterilization. Bio-burden is also referred
to as microbiological load, microbial load and bio-load.
●● What are biological indicators?
Answer: devices used to monitor the effectiveness of sterilization
processes, in terms of whether these processes effectively destroy
microorganisms and spores.
●● Define blood-borne pathogens and give examples.
Answer: disease-producing pathogens that are spread and transmitted to
others via contact with blood and other bodily fluids. Some examples of
blood-borne pathogens are HIV and hepatitis.
●● What is the Blood-borne Pathogens Standard?
Answer: a legal and binding regulation mandates that all employers
protect their staff from occupational exposures to infectious agents and
pathogens.
●● What are chemical indicators?
Answer: a device used to monitor the effectiveness of sterilization
processes in terms of whether these processes meet the rigors of
effectiveness. Chemical indicators change their color or their form when
they are exposed to sterilization temperatures and pressures. These
indicators, like biological indicators, can alert personnel that there has
been an error or malfunction in terms of packaging, cleaning,
QUESTIONS WITH FULL PRACTICE
SOLUTION
●● Define aerosols.What are they most commonly produced by?
Answer: small particles less than 10 µm that can remain airborne and
viable for extended periods of time in the environment. Aerosols are
most commonly produced and generated by things like water and air
syringes.
●● Define airborne transmission.
Answer: the mode and means of transmission for a pathogen that is
airborne and then possibly inhaled by the host as droplet nuclei.
●● What is alcohol-based hand rub?
Answer: an alcohol-containing preparation designed for reducing the
number of viable microorganisms on the hands. These rubs are not a
substitute for good hand washing and they are only to be used when
hand washing facilities and materials are not available.
●● What is an allergen?
Answer: an antigen which can cause hypersensitivity and an allergic
reaction in the host. Hosts can have sensitivity to medications, foods and
other environmental sources like toxins.
,●● Define allergic contact dermatitis. Give examples of things that can
cause it.
Answer: swelling or irritation of the skin that results from contact with a
chemical. It is often localized to the area of the body that touched the
contaminated item, which occurs slowly over twelve to forty eight hours
after direct contact. Some examples of chemicals that can lead to allergic
contact dermatitis include latex or another component in gloves, as well
as plants like poison ivy and poison oak.
●● What is anaphylaxis? What are the signs and symptoms?
Answer: a severe and life threatening allergic response that occurs
during exposure to an allergen like penicillin, latex in gloves and some
pollens. The signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis are hives, itching,
respiratory problems, anaphylactic shock, coma and in some cases,
death.
●● What is the difference between the first and second dose of
anaphylaxis?
Answer: The first exposure or dose is referred to as the sensitizing
exposure or dose the second exposure or dose is the one that leads to
anaphylaxis, or anaphylactic shock.
●● Define antibodies.
Answer: proteins in the blood produced as the result of exposure to an
antigen or pathogen. Antibodies bind to antigens and destroy them.
,●● Define antigens.
Answer: a protein or carbohydrate substance that enters the body and
activates the immune process by stimulating the production of protective
antibodies.
●● What is antiseptic? Give examples.
Answer: a germicidal solution that can be used to inhibit the growth of
microorganisms, including pathogens, or to destroy it. Some examples
of antiseptics hexachlorophene, iodine, alcohol and antiseptic hand
washes.
●● Define asepsis. What are the two types of asepsis?
Answer: a method used to prevent the spread of infection. The two types
of asepsis are medical asepsis, or clean procedure, and surgical/sterile
asepsis.
●● What is bacterial count? What unit of measurement does it use?
Answer: an estimation of the number of organisms in a unit of
measurement. Bacterial counts are usually determined in terms of
colony-forming-units per square centimeter/ per milliliter.
●● What is bio-burden? What is it also referred to as?
, Answer: the number of viable microorganisms on a surface or an object
prior to decontamination and/ or sterilization. Bio-burden is also referred
to as microbiological load, microbial load and bio-load.
●● What are biological indicators?
Answer: devices used to monitor the effectiveness of sterilization
processes, in terms of whether these processes effectively destroy
microorganisms and spores.
●● Define blood-borne pathogens and give examples.
Answer: disease-producing pathogens that are spread and transmitted to
others via contact with blood and other bodily fluids. Some examples of
blood-borne pathogens are HIV and hepatitis.
●● What is the Blood-borne Pathogens Standard?
Answer: a legal and binding regulation mandates that all employers
protect their staff from occupational exposures to infectious agents and
pathogens.
●● What are chemical indicators?
Answer: a device used to monitor the effectiveness of sterilization
processes in terms of whether these processes meet the rigors of
effectiveness. Chemical indicators change their color or their form when
they are exposed to sterilization temperatures and pressures. These
indicators, like biological indicators, can alert personnel that there has
been an error or malfunction in terms of packaging, cleaning,
