NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of
Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest2026)
Rasmussen
What are the functions of the kidneys? - Answer--Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? -
Answer--dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention,
decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? -
Answer--ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - Answer--peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - Answer--Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting? - Answer--glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? -
Answer--adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - Answer--myxedema,
fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - Answer--Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - Answer--fatigue, body
aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - Answer--numbness,
tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
, What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - Answer--fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - Answer--negative
feedback loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - Answer--Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH,
ACTH and endorphins
What is diabetes insipidus? - Answer--a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of
ADH which causes excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - Answer--polyuria, nocturia, continuous
thirst, and polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - Answer--Excessive secretion of
cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and
pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch
marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe
psychiatric disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - Answer--Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. -
Brittle fingernails.
clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - Answer--fatigue. -
lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. -
depression. -
muscle weakness.
Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest2026)
Rasmussen
What are the functions of the kidneys? - Answer--Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? -
Answer--dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention,
decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? -
Answer--ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - Answer--peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - Answer--Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting? - Answer--glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? -
Answer--adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - Answer--myxedema,
fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - Answer--Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - Answer--fatigue, body
aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - Answer--numbness,
tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
, What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - Answer--fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - Answer--negative
feedback loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - Answer--Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH,
ACTH and endorphins
What is diabetes insipidus? - Answer--a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of
ADH which causes excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - Answer--polyuria, nocturia, continuous
thirst, and polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - Answer--Excessive secretion of
cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and
pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch
marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe
psychiatric disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - Answer--Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. -
Brittle fingernails.
clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - Answer--fatigue. -
lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. -
depression. -
muscle weakness.
