EMS1055 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Kussmaul's resp - ✔✔deep and fast breathing; often associated with DKA (diabetic
ketoacidosis)
✔✔when to stop primary survey - ✔✔-scene becomes unsafe
-exsanguinating hemorrhage
-airway obstruction
-cardiac arrest
✔✔DCAP-TIC-BLS - ✔✔-Deformities
-contusions
-Abrasions
-penetrations
-Tenderness
-Instability
-Crepitus
-Burns
-Laceration
-Swelling
✔✔Primary Survey - ✔✔-Scene size up
-initial assessment
-rapid trauma survey vs. focused exam
✔✔Things to look for in primary survey - ✔✔Head: pupils, battle signs (contusion behind
ear), racoon eyes
Neck: JVD (jugular vein distention, pt must be in a 30 degree semi-fowler position),
tracheal deviation (almost never seen)
Chest: palpate chest, listen to lung sounds, paradoxical movement (flail chest)
Abdomen: palpate all 4 quadrants. Normal is soft, non-tender, non-rebounding
(rebounding pain: push and let go, letting go hurts).
Pelvis: stability push in and down. Unstable pelvis is Trauma alert.
Extremities: Pulse, Motor response, Sensation.
Posterior
✔✔Secondary Survey - ✔✔a head-to-toe physical assessment; an additional
assessment of a patient to determine the existence of any injuries other than those
found in the primary survey
,✔✔Know the different etiologies (causes) of hemorrhage - ✔✔Causes - Abrasions,
hematoma/bruises, lacerations, puncture wounds (ex. knives, nails, needles), crushing
injuries, gunshot wounds.
✔✔compensated shock - ✔✔The early stage of shock, in which the body can still
compensate for blood loss. if blood pressure stays above 100 systolic.
✔✔decompensated shock - ✔✔The late stage of shock when blood pressure is
falling.blood pressure below 100 systolic.
✔✔Irreversable Shock - ✔✔Final stage of shock-
The patient will not survive once netering irreversible shock. blood pressure falls below
60.
✔✔What are the three types of obstructive shock? - ✔✔1. tension pneumothorax type
of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping.
2.Pericardial tamponaude - fluid bills up in the pericardial sac and causes compression
of the heart
3.pulmonary embolism- clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung.
✔✔Know the signs and symptoms of shock - ✔✔pc&d skin, anxiety, pending doom,
altered LOC, dilated pupils, tachycardia and tachypnea, delayed cap refill
✔✔Airway obstruction - ✔✔Can be caused by anything that is blocking the airway,
vomit, tongue, aspiration of blood into the lungs and/or vomit stuck in airway,
✔✔SST- flail chest - ✔✔sign: chest going in and out exaggerated
seen with blunt trauma
accompanied by 2+ broken ribs in 2+ areas.
Ensure open airway, assist ventilation, high-flow oxygen, load-and-go, stabilize with
hand or circumferential compression bandage, safe and rapid transport, monitor for
shock
✔✔SST- open pneumothorax - ✔✔"sucking chest wound"// air enters pleural space
-decreased lung sounds
-hypoxia results
-tachycardia / tachypnea
-treated by closing chest wall defect, using either asherman chest seal or 4 sided
sticker. and oxygen/ventilation
-burp the wound to prevent tension pneumo
✔✔SST- tension pneumothorax - ✔✔a type of pneumothorax in which air that enters
the chest cavity is prevented from escaping.
, -absent or shallow lung sounds
-dyspnea
-anxiety
-tachypnea & tachycardia
-JVD
load and go w/ high O2
✔✔massive hemothorax - ✔✔Massive bleeding into thoracic cavity causes decrease in
ability to breath on affected side of lung, can have up to a liter of blood loss built in the
chest cavity
signs
Breath sounds decreased, signs of shock, neck veins flat,
symptoms
dyspnea, SOB, chest pain
r(x)
Secure open airway, high flow oxygen, load and go, monitor for shock and tension
hemo-pneumothorax
✔✔SST- Pericardial tamponade - ✔✔diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium sac and
compresses the heart -becks triad (jvd, low bp, muffled heart sounds)
-ensure open airway and highflow oxygen, kept warm, on iv
-emt's will use a needle and a long thin tube (catheter) to remove fluid
✔✔ss&t myocardial contusion - ✔✔caused by blunt anterior injury causing contusions to
heart
signs
dysrhythmia
symptoms
chest pain
r(x)
Ensure open airway, load and go, administer high flow oxygen, treat for shock
✔✔traumatic aortic rupture - ✔✔is a condition in which the aorta, the largest artery in
the body, is torn or ruptured as a result of trauma to the body
sign death (80% die)
treatment
Ensure adequate airway, cuffed ET tube past site or tracheal injury, monitor for pneumo
and hemothorax
✔✔diaphragmatic hernia - ✔✔abnormal opening in the diaphragm that allows part of the
abdominal organs to migrate into the chest cavity
cause
severe blow to abdomen
signs
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Kussmaul's resp - ✔✔deep and fast breathing; often associated with DKA (diabetic
ketoacidosis)
✔✔when to stop primary survey - ✔✔-scene becomes unsafe
-exsanguinating hemorrhage
-airway obstruction
-cardiac arrest
✔✔DCAP-TIC-BLS - ✔✔-Deformities
-contusions
-Abrasions
-penetrations
-Tenderness
-Instability
-Crepitus
-Burns
-Laceration
-Swelling
✔✔Primary Survey - ✔✔-Scene size up
-initial assessment
-rapid trauma survey vs. focused exam
✔✔Things to look for in primary survey - ✔✔Head: pupils, battle signs (contusion behind
ear), racoon eyes
Neck: JVD (jugular vein distention, pt must be in a 30 degree semi-fowler position),
tracheal deviation (almost never seen)
Chest: palpate chest, listen to lung sounds, paradoxical movement (flail chest)
Abdomen: palpate all 4 quadrants. Normal is soft, non-tender, non-rebounding
(rebounding pain: push and let go, letting go hurts).
Pelvis: stability push in and down. Unstable pelvis is Trauma alert.
Extremities: Pulse, Motor response, Sensation.
Posterior
✔✔Secondary Survey - ✔✔a head-to-toe physical assessment; an additional
assessment of a patient to determine the existence of any injuries other than those
found in the primary survey
,✔✔Know the different etiologies (causes) of hemorrhage - ✔✔Causes - Abrasions,
hematoma/bruises, lacerations, puncture wounds (ex. knives, nails, needles), crushing
injuries, gunshot wounds.
✔✔compensated shock - ✔✔The early stage of shock, in which the body can still
compensate for blood loss. if blood pressure stays above 100 systolic.
✔✔decompensated shock - ✔✔The late stage of shock when blood pressure is
falling.blood pressure below 100 systolic.
✔✔Irreversable Shock - ✔✔Final stage of shock-
The patient will not survive once netering irreversible shock. blood pressure falls below
60.
✔✔What are the three types of obstructive shock? - ✔✔1. tension pneumothorax type
of pneumothorax in which air that enters the chest cavity is prevented from escaping.
2.Pericardial tamponaude - fluid bills up in the pericardial sac and causes compression
of the heart
3.pulmonary embolism- clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung.
✔✔Know the signs and symptoms of shock - ✔✔pc&d skin, anxiety, pending doom,
altered LOC, dilated pupils, tachycardia and tachypnea, delayed cap refill
✔✔Airway obstruction - ✔✔Can be caused by anything that is blocking the airway,
vomit, tongue, aspiration of blood into the lungs and/or vomit stuck in airway,
✔✔SST- flail chest - ✔✔sign: chest going in and out exaggerated
seen with blunt trauma
accompanied by 2+ broken ribs in 2+ areas.
Ensure open airway, assist ventilation, high-flow oxygen, load-and-go, stabilize with
hand or circumferential compression bandage, safe and rapid transport, monitor for
shock
✔✔SST- open pneumothorax - ✔✔"sucking chest wound"// air enters pleural space
-decreased lung sounds
-hypoxia results
-tachycardia / tachypnea
-treated by closing chest wall defect, using either asherman chest seal or 4 sided
sticker. and oxygen/ventilation
-burp the wound to prevent tension pneumo
✔✔SST- tension pneumothorax - ✔✔a type of pneumothorax in which air that enters
the chest cavity is prevented from escaping.
, -absent or shallow lung sounds
-dyspnea
-anxiety
-tachypnea & tachycardia
-JVD
load and go w/ high O2
✔✔massive hemothorax - ✔✔Massive bleeding into thoracic cavity causes decrease in
ability to breath on affected side of lung, can have up to a liter of blood loss built in the
chest cavity
signs
Breath sounds decreased, signs of shock, neck veins flat,
symptoms
dyspnea, SOB, chest pain
r(x)
Secure open airway, high flow oxygen, load and go, monitor for shock and tension
hemo-pneumothorax
✔✔SST- Pericardial tamponade - ✔✔diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium sac and
compresses the heart -becks triad (jvd, low bp, muffled heart sounds)
-ensure open airway and highflow oxygen, kept warm, on iv
-emt's will use a needle and a long thin tube (catheter) to remove fluid
✔✔ss&t myocardial contusion - ✔✔caused by blunt anterior injury causing contusions to
heart
signs
dysrhythmia
symptoms
chest pain
r(x)
Ensure open airway, load and go, administer high flow oxygen, treat for shock
✔✔traumatic aortic rupture - ✔✔is a condition in which the aorta, the largest artery in
the body, is torn or ruptured as a result of trauma to the body
sign death (80% die)
treatment
Ensure adequate airway, cuffed ET tube past site or tracheal injury, monitor for pneumo
and hemothorax
✔✔diaphragmatic hernia - ✔✔abnormal opening in the diaphragm that allows part of the
abdominal organs to migrate into the chest cavity
cause
severe blow to abdomen
signs
