RASMUSSEN PATHO LATEST 2026 PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE: WHERE IS IT FOUND? - - ✔✔stomach, and duodenum
(usually proximal duodenum)
✔✔PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE: MECHANISM ? - ✔✔MECHANISM-Uncertain
✔✔GALLSTONES: CHOLELITHIASIS - WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔Stones in the gallbladder/
ducts
✔✔GALLSTONES: CHOLELITHIASIS -RISK FACTORS? - ✔✔Women 2x more than
men, obesity, rapid weight loss
✔✔GALLSTONES: CHOLELITHIASIS - SIGNS/SYMPTOMS? -
✔✔SIGNS/SYMPTOMS many asymptomatic, when they obstruct the cystic duct it leads
to severe upper right quadrant pain
• Pain can radiate to back and cause nausea, vomiting, sweating, and flatus (gas)
✔✔HIATAL HERNIA: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔A defect in the diaphragm allowing part of the
stomach to pass through into the thorax
✔✔HIATAL HERNIA: CAUSES? - ✔✔Associated with conditions that increase
intrabdominal pressure such as ascites, pregnancy, obesity, chronic straining or
coughing
✔✔HIATAL HERNIA: SIGNS/SYMPTOMS ? - ✔✔Heartburn, chest pain, and dysphagia
✔✔PANCREATITIS: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔inflammation of the pancreas
✔✔PANCREATITIS: CAUSES? - ✔✔Biliary tract disease, hypertriglyceridemia, ethanol
associated (drink, drank, drunk)
• 66% of all first cases are caused by alcoholism
✔✔PANCREATITIS: SIGNS/SYMPTOMS/MANIFESTATIONS ? - ✔✔Steady boring
pain in epigastrium or left upper right quadrant which gradually intensifies
• May radiate or penetrate to back, nausea, vomiting, fever, decreased bowel sounds
✔✔PANCREATITIS: TREATMENT? - ✔✔NPO, Nasogastric tube to suction, IV fluids,
and analgesics, Avoid alcohol
, ✔✔PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔-Acute inflammation and
necrosis of large intestine; it affects the mucosa and sometimes other layers
✔✔PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: CAUSES? - ✔✔Exposure to antibiotics,
patients with cancer, or post abdominal surgery susceptible, mediated by bacterial
toxins
✔✔PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: SIGNS/SYMPTOMS/MANIFESTATIONS -
✔✔Diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis
✔✔PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: TREATMENTS- - ✔✔Antibiotics, fecal
transplant, or colectomy
✔✔HEPATITIS: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔Inflammation of the liver
✔✔HEPATITIS: 3 MAJOR TYPES: - ✔✔Hep A- spread by fecal oral route; most adults
develop jaundice
Hep B - Spread by parental contact with infected body fluids
Hep C - Spread through blood and blood products, major risk factor for hepatocellular
cancer
✔✔HEPATITIS: Hep A- SIGNS/SYMPTOMS: - ✔✔spread by fecal oral route; most
adults develop jaundice
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS: malaise, anorexia, nausea, low grade fever, and right upper
quadrant pain
✔✔HEPATITIS: Hep B - SIGNS/SYMPTOMS ? - ✔✔Spread by parental contact with
infected body fluids
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - can have no symptoms to moderate illness to fulminant hepatitis;
major risk factor for hepatocellular cancer
✔✔Hepatitis - Hep C - SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ? - ✔✔Hep C- spread through blood and
blood product; major risk factor for hepatocellular cancer
✔✔HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔Most common form of liver
cancer, usually occurs in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cinhosis
✔✔HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: SIGNS SYMPTOMS ? - ✔✔Weight loss, upper
abdominal pain, jaundice, anorexia
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE: WHERE IS IT FOUND? - - ✔✔stomach, and duodenum
(usually proximal duodenum)
✔✔PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE: MECHANISM ? - ✔✔MECHANISM-Uncertain
✔✔GALLSTONES: CHOLELITHIASIS - WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔Stones in the gallbladder/
ducts
✔✔GALLSTONES: CHOLELITHIASIS -RISK FACTORS? - ✔✔Women 2x more than
men, obesity, rapid weight loss
✔✔GALLSTONES: CHOLELITHIASIS - SIGNS/SYMPTOMS? -
✔✔SIGNS/SYMPTOMS many asymptomatic, when they obstruct the cystic duct it leads
to severe upper right quadrant pain
• Pain can radiate to back and cause nausea, vomiting, sweating, and flatus (gas)
✔✔HIATAL HERNIA: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔A defect in the diaphragm allowing part of the
stomach to pass through into the thorax
✔✔HIATAL HERNIA: CAUSES? - ✔✔Associated with conditions that increase
intrabdominal pressure such as ascites, pregnancy, obesity, chronic straining or
coughing
✔✔HIATAL HERNIA: SIGNS/SYMPTOMS ? - ✔✔Heartburn, chest pain, and dysphagia
✔✔PANCREATITIS: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔inflammation of the pancreas
✔✔PANCREATITIS: CAUSES? - ✔✔Biliary tract disease, hypertriglyceridemia, ethanol
associated (drink, drank, drunk)
• 66% of all first cases are caused by alcoholism
✔✔PANCREATITIS: SIGNS/SYMPTOMS/MANIFESTATIONS ? - ✔✔Steady boring
pain in epigastrium or left upper right quadrant which gradually intensifies
• May radiate or penetrate to back, nausea, vomiting, fever, decreased bowel sounds
✔✔PANCREATITIS: TREATMENT? - ✔✔NPO, Nasogastric tube to suction, IV fluids,
and analgesics, Avoid alcohol
, ✔✔PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔-Acute inflammation and
necrosis of large intestine; it affects the mucosa and sometimes other layers
✔✔PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: CAUSES? - ✔✔Exposure to antibiotics,
patients with cancer, or post abdominal surgery susceptible, mediated by bacterial
toxins
✔✔PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: SIGNS/SYMPTOMS/MANIFESTATIONS -
✔✔Diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis
✔✔PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS: TREATMENTS- - ✔✔Antibiotics, fecal
transplant, or colectomy
✔✔HEPATITIS: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔Inflammation of the liver
✔✔HEPATITIS: 3 MAJOR TYPES: - ✔✔Hep A- spread by fecal oral route; most adults
develop jaundice
Hep B - Spread by parental contact with infected body fluids
Hep C - Spread through blood and blood products, major risk factor for hepatocellular
cancer
✔✔HEPATITIS: Hep A- SIGNS/SYMPTOMS: - ✔✔spread by fecal oral route; most
adults develop jaundice
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS: malaise, anorexia, nausea, low grade fever, and right upper
quadrant pain
✔✔HEPATITIS: Hep B - SIGNS/SYMPTOMS ? - ✔✔Spread by parental contact with
infected body fluids
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS - can have no symptoms to moderate illness to fulminant hepatitis;
major risk factor for hepatocellular cancer
✔✔Hepatitis - Hep C - SIGNS & SYMPTOMS ? - ✔✔Hep C- spread through blood and
blood product; major risk factor for hepatocellular cancer
✔✔HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: WHAT IS IT? - ✔✔Most common form of liver
cancer, usually occurs in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cinhosis
✔✔HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: SIGNS SYMPTOMS ? - ✔✔Weight loss, upper
abdominal pain, jaundice, anorexia
