MTL 200 LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Gibbs Phase Rule - ✔✔Relates the number of phases, components, and degrees of
freedom in a system
✔✔Microstructure Development - ✔✔Changes in material structure during cooling
✔✔Eutectic Weight Percent - ✔✔Weight percentage of eutectic phase in an alloy
✔✔Phase Transformations - ✔✔Different processes like eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic,
congruent, and monotectic
✔✔Metallic Crystal Structures (Examples) - ✔✔FCC, BCC, HCP, Simple Cubic
✔✔FCC (Elements) - ✔✔Cu, Al, Ag, Au
✔✔BCC (Elements) - ✔✔Cr, Fe, Tungsten
✔✔HCP (Elements) - ✔✔Cd, Zn, Mg, Ti
✔✔Simple Cubic (Elements) - ✔✔Polonium
✔✔Coordination # of unit Cells respectively (FCC, BCC, HCP, Simple) - ✔✔12, 8, 12, 6
✔✔APF of unit cells respectively (FCC, BCC, HCP, Simple) - ✔✔0.74, 0.68, 0.74, 0.52
✔✔Number of atoms respectively (FCC, BCC, HCP, Simple) - ✔✔4, 2, 6, 1
✔✔Lattice Parameter FCC - ✔✔a = 2Rsqrt2
✔✔Lattice Parameter BCC - ✔✔a = 4R/sqrt3
✔✔Lattice Parameter simple - ✔✔a = 2R
✔✔APF is? - ✔✔volume of atoms in a unit cell / total unit cell volume
✔✔[ ] - ✔✔direction vector in a crystal structure
✔✔< > - ✔✔family of directions
✔✔( ) - ✔✔plane definition in a crystal structure
, ✔✔{ } - ✔✔family of planes
✔✔FCC closest packed plane - ✔✔(111)
✔✔BCC closest packed plane - ✔✔(110)
✔✔Simply Cubic closest packed plane - ✔✔(100)
✔✔BCC reflections present how? - ✔✔(h + k + l) even
✔✔FCC reflections present how? - ✔✔h, k and l either all odd or all even
✔✔Simple reflections present how? - ✔✔All
✔✔Things to know about Bugger Vectors - ✔✔same at all points along its line!!!
perpendicular to the Edge dislocations!!!!
parallel to the Screw dislocations!!!
neither parallel nor perpendicular to mix dislocations.
magnitude of Burgers vector in a closed-packed direction is |𝑏⃗ | = |𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙|
✔✔Electron microscopy - ✔✔uses electrons instead of light, the shorter wavelength of
electrons gives greater resolution
✔✔Transmission (TEM) - ✔✔1,000,000x, very thing foil, fluorescent screen - passes
through sample electrons!!!!!
✔✔Scanning (SEM) - ✔✔10 x ... 50,000 x, good depth of field - reflects electrons!!!!!
✔✔Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) - ✔✔topographical map at different
environments - (10^9 x max). 3D images.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔material transport by atomic motion
✔✔Interdiffusion, impurity diffusion - ✔✔atoms of one metal diffuse into another.
✔✔Self-diffusion - ✔✔all atoms exchanging positions are of the same type (no
composition available) - vacancy mechanisms only.
✔✔For the diffusion mechanism the following conditions must be met: - ✔✔Must be
empty adjacent site. Must have enough energy to break bonds with its neighbour →
lattice distortion.
GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Gibbs Phase Rule - ✔✔Relates the number of phases, components, and degrees of
freedom in a system
✔✔Microstructure Development - ✔✔Changes in material structure during cooling
✔✔Eutectic Weight Percent - ✔✔Weight percentage of eutectic phase in an alloy
✔✔Phase Transformations - ✔✔Different processes like eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic,
congruent, and monotectic
✔✔Metallic Crystal Structures (Examples) - ✔✔FCC, BCC, HCP, Simple Cubic
✔✔FCC (Elements) - ✔✔Cu, Al, Ag, Au
✔✔BCC (Elements) - ✔✔Cr, Fe, Tungsten
✔✔HCP (Elements) - ✔✔Cd, Zn, Mg, Ti
✔✔Simple Cubic (Elements) - ✔✔Polonium
✔✔Coordination # of unit Cells respectively (FCC, BCC, HCP, Simple) - ✔✔12, 8, 12, 6
✔✔APF of unit cells respectively (FCC, BCC, HCP, Simple) - ✔✔0.74, 0.68, 0.74, 0.52
✔✔Number of atoms respectively (FCC, BCC, HCP, Simple) - ✔✔4, 2, 6, 1
✔✔Lattice Parameter FCC - ✔✔a = 2Rsqrt2
✔✔Lattice Parameter BCC - ✔✔a = 4R/sqrt3
✔✔Lattice Parameter simple - ✔✔a = 2R
✔✔APF is? - ✔✔volume of atoms in a unit cell / total unit cell volume
✔✔[ ] - ✔✔direction vector in a crystal structure
✔✔< > - ✔✔family of directions
✔✔( ) - ✔✔plane definition in a crystal structure
, ✔✔{ } - ✔✔family of planes
✔✔FCC closest packed plane - ✔✔(111)
✔✔BCC closest packed plane - ✔✔(110)
✔✔Simply Cubic closest packed plane - ✔✔(100)
✔✔BCC reflections present how? - ✔✔(h + k + l) even
✔✔FCC reflections present how? - ✔✔h, k and l either all odd or all even
✔✔Simple reflections present how? - ✔✔All
✔✔Things to know about Bugger Vectors - ✔✔same at all points along its line!!!
perpendicular to the Edge dislocations!!!!
parallel to the Screw dislocations!!!
neither parallel nor perpendicular to mix dislocations.
magnitude of Burgers vector in a closed-packed direction is |𝑏⃗ | = |𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙|
✔✔Electron microscopy - ✔✔uses electrons instead of light, the shorter wavelength of
electrons gives greater resolution
✔✔Transmission (TEM) - ✔✔1,000,000x, very thing foil, fluorescent screen - passes
through sample electrons!!!!!
✔✔Scanning (SEM) - ✔✔10 x ... 50,000 x, good depth of field - reflects electrons!!!!!
✔✔Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) - ✔✔topographical map at different
environments - (10^9 x max). 3D images.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔material transport by atomic motion
✔✔Interdiffusion, impurity diffusion - ✔✔atoms of one metal diffuse into another.
✔✔Self-diffusion - ✔✔all atoms exchanging positions are of the same type (no
composition available) - vacancy mechanisms only.
✔✔For the diffusion mechanism the following conditions must be met: - ✔✔Must be
empty adjacent site. Must have enough energy to break bonds with its neighbour →
lattice distortion.
