BIO 117 HONDROS FINAL SCRIPT 2026
PRACTICE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ CARDIAC OUTPUT.
Answer: amount of blood ejected by the heart in one minute
⩥ HEART RATE.
Answer: number of beats per minute
⩥ BRADYCARDIA.
Answer: <60 bpm
⩥ TACHYCARDIA.
Answer: >100 bpm
⩥ EPINEPHRINE.
Answer: increases heart rate, bronchodilator
⩥ PULMONARY ARTERIES.
Answer: 2, carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
,⩥ PULMONARY VEINS.
Answer: 4, carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium
⩥ VALVES.
Answer: atrioventricular and semilunar
⩥ ATRIOVENTRICULAR.
Answer: right-tricuspid, left-mitral
⩥ SEMILUNAR.
Answer: pulmonary, aortic
⩥ HEART SOUNDS.
Answer: represent closure of AV valves and semilunar valves
⩥ FORAMEN OVALE.
Answer: in fetus opening between right and left atrium, nonfunctional
lungs
⩥ LAYERS OF THE HEART.
Answer: endocardium-innermost
myocardium-middle muscle layer
, epicardium-outermost
⩥ CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART.
Answer: SA node, AV node, AV Bundle, Rt & Lt Bundle branches,
Purkinje fibers
⩥ ELECTROCARDIOGRAM EKG.
Answer: P wave~atrial contraction
QRS~ventricular contraction, atrial relaxation
T wave~ventricular relaxation
⩥ ARTERIES.
Answer: high pressure
⩥ VEINS.
Answer: low pressure
⩥ CAPILLARIES.
Answer: microscopic vessels
PRACTICE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ CARDIAC OUTPUT.
Answer: amount of blood ejected by the heart in one minute
⩥ HEART RATE.
Answer: number of beats per minute
⩥ BRADYCARDIA.
Answer: <60 bpm
⩥ TACHYCARDIA.
Answer: >100 bpm
⩥ EPINEPHRINE.
Answer: increases heart rate, bronchodilator
⩥ PULMONARY ARTERIES.
Answer: 2, carry deoxygenated blood to lungs
,⩥ PULMONARY VEINS.
Answer: 4, carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium
⩥ VALVES.
Answer: atrioventricular and semilunar
⩥ ATRIOVENTRICULAR.
Answer: right-tricuspid, left-mitral
⩥ SEMILUNAR.
Answer: pulmonary, aortic
⩥ HEART SOUNDS.
Answer: represent closure of AV valves and semilunar valves
⩥ FORAMEN OVALE.
Answer: in fetus opening between right and left atrium, nonfunctional
lungs
⩥ LAYERS OF THE HEART.
Answer: endocardium-innermost
myocardium-middle muscle layer
, epicardium-outermost
⩥ CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART.
Answer: SA node, AV node, AV Bundle, Rt & Lt Bundle branches,
Purkinje fibers
⩥ ELECTROCARDIOGRAM EKG.
Answer: P wave~atrial contraction
QRS~ventricular contraction, atrial relaxation
T wave~ventricular relaxation
⩥ ARTERIES.
Answer: high pressure
⩥ VEINS.
Answer: low pressure
⩥ CAPILLARIES.
Answer: microscopic vessels