USMLE STEP 1 FIRST AID REPRODUCTIVE PHARMACOLOGY COMPLETE HIGH-YIELD STUDY GUIDE

USMLE STEP 1 FIRST AID REPRODUCTIVE
PHARMACOLOGY COMPLETE HIGH-YIELD
STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS




Updated 2026 Questions and Answers

100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales Included

,Leuprolide -- MOA GnRH analog --


Agonist with pulsatile fashion


Antagonist with continuous use (downregulates GnRH receptor in pituitary -->
Decrease FSH and LH)




Leuprolide -- Use Infertility (pulsatile)


Prostate cancer (continous with flutamide)


Uterine fibroids (continuous)


Precocious puberty (continuous)


FIRST LINE for women w/ severe or refractory endometriosis-related pain
(continuous)
(inhibits GnrH --> decrease FSH/LH --> decrease estrogen. the endometrium
needs estrogen to grow (proliferate), so decrease in estrogen --> shrinking of
abnormal endometrial tissue)


Leuprolide -- Toxicity Nausea
Vomiting


Osteoporosis
Pseudomenopause (night sweats, hot flashes)




Estrogens-- Names Ethinyl estradiol, DES, Mestranol


Estrogens-- MOA Bind estrogen receptors




Estrogens-- Use 1) Hypogonadism
2) Ovarian failure
3) Menstrual abnormalities
4) Hormone replacement therapy (post menopausal women)
5) Androgen dependent prostate cancer (men)

, Estrogens-- AE 1) Endometrial cancer (when given w/o progesterone)
2) Bleeding in postmenopausal women
3) Clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina (DES in utero)
4) Thrombi
5) Pancreatitis
6) Cholestatic jaundice
7) Ischemic colitis
8) Invasive breast and ovarian cancer


Contraindication for estrogen therapy ER+ breast cancer
DVT history


Name the SERMs Clomiphene
Tamoxifen
Raloxifene


Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators-- SERMs: Antagonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus
Clomiphene-- MOA Prevent normal feedback inhibition--> increases AP release of LH and FSH-->
ovulation




Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators-- SERMs: Treats anovulation in PCOS
Clomiphene-- Use


Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators-- SERMs: Hot flashes
Clomiphene-- Toxicity Ovarian enlargement
Multiple simultaneous pregnancies
Visual disturbances




Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators-- SERMs: Antagonist on breast tissue
Tamoxifen-- MOA Agonist-- bone, uterus




Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators-- SERMs: Treat and prevent recurrence of ER/PR+ breast cancer
Tamoxifen-- Use


Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators-- SERMs: Endometrial cancer, thromboembolism
Tamoxifen-- Toxicity