NR 565 Final Exam: (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Advanced Pharmacology | Q&A
| Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Chamberlain University
Subject: Advanced Pharmacology – GI/Laxatives, Vaccines, Asthma/COPD, Thyroid, Diabetes, Smoking
Cessation, TB, Infectious Disease
Source: NR 565 Final Exam / Chamberlain University / Clinical Pharmacology Guidelines (2025/2026
Update)
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationales | Grade A Guaranteed
1. What is psyllium and what is its mechanism of action?
Correct Answer: Bulk-forming laxative that softens fecal mass and increases bulk. Swells in water to
produce a viscous solution or gel which softens the fecal mass and increases its bulk.
1. Works like dietary fiber, producing stool in 1-3 days.
2. If no bowel movement occurs, assess for fecal impaction or obstruction.
2. What condition should be suspected when psyllium doesn't produce a bowel movement?
Correct Answer: Fecal impaction or intestinal obstruction.
1. Bulk-forming laxatives can cause upper and lower GI obstructions.
2. Assess for abdominal distention, pain, and absence of stool.
3. How can a diary aid in the diagnosis and treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
Correct Answer: Keeping a diary can help manage which foods are triggers for IBS symptoms and
which ones are safe to eat due to trial and error.
1. Food and symptom diary identifies triggers.
2. Helps guide dietary modifications and treatment.
4. Who should receive the Tdap vaccine?
Correct Answer: Immunocompromised patients (HIV, cancer), pregnant women, those on high-dose
glucocorticoids.
1. Tdap recommended for all adults every 10 years.
2. Given during each pregnancy (27-36 weeks).
5. What is a contraindication for DTaP or Tdap vaccine?
Correct Answer: History of anaphylactic reaction or encephalopathy within 7 days of vaccine.
1. Moderate to severe febrile illness also a contraindication.
2. Caution with prior shock-like state, fever >105°F, persistent inconsolable crying >3 hours, or
seizures within 3 days.
, 6. What are contraindications for varicella vaccine?
Correct Answer: Pregnancy, leukemia or lymphoma, hypersensitivity to neomycin or gelatin. Children
should avoid salicylates for 6 weeks after.
1. Live virus vaccine – contraindicated in pregnancy and immunosuppression.
2. Reye's syndrome risk with salicylates after varicella.
7. What are contraindications for Hepatitis B vaccine?
Correct Answer: Prior anaphylactic reaction to baker's yeast or to Hep B vaccine itself.
1. Hepatitis B vaccine is recombinant (not live) using yeast cells.
2. Contraindication is rare.
8. What is an example of an attenuated vaccine?
Correct Answer: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine; varicella (chickenpox) vaccine.
1. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened live organisms.
2. Contraindicated in pregnancy and immunocompromised.
9. What is an example of a live virus vaccine?
Correct Answer: Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (MMR); varicella virus vaccine.
1. Live virus vaccines produce strong, durable immunity.
2. Avoid in pregnancy and immunosuppression.
10. What is an example of a toxoid vaccine?
Correct Answer: DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis); tetanus toxoid.
1. Toxoid vaccines use inactivated bacterial toxins.
2. Induce antibodies against the toxin, not the bacteria.
11. What is an example of an inactive viral antigen vaccine?
Correct Answer: Poliovirus vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), influenza vaccine (inactivated).
1. Killed or inactivated viruses cannot cause disease.
2. Safe for immunocompromised patients.
12. What is herd immunity?
Correct Answer: Resistance to an infectious organism due to a large group of immune individuals,
reducing spread to non-immune individuals.
1. Protects vulnerable populations unable to vaccinate.
2. Requires high vaccination rates (typically >90-95%).
| Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Chamberlain University
Subject: Advanced Pharmacology – GI/Laxatives, Vaccines, Asthma/COPD, Thyroid, Diabetes, Smoking
Cessation, TB, Infectious Disease
Source: NR 565 Final Exam / Chamberlain University / Clinical Pharmacology Guidelines (2025/2026
Update)
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationales | Grade A Guaranteed
1. What is psyllium and what is its mechanism of action?
Correct Answer: Bulk-forming laxative that softens fecal mass and increases bulk. Swells in water to
produce a viscous solution or gel which softens the fecal mass and increases its bulk.
1. Works like dietary fiber, producing stool in 1-3 days.
2. If no bowel movement occurs, assess for fecal impaction or obstruction.
2. What condition should be suspected when psyllium doesn't produce a bowel movement?
Correct Answer: Fecal impaction or intestinal obstruction.
1. Bulk-forming laxatives can cause upper and lower GI obstructions.
2. Assess for abdominal distention, pain, and absence of stool.
3. How can a diary aid in the diagnosis and treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
Correct Answer: Keeping a diary can help manage which foods are triggers for IBS symptoms and
which ones are safe to eat due to trial and error.
1. Food and symptom diary identifies triggers.
2. Helps guide dietary modifications and treatment.
4. Who should receive the Tdap vaccine?
Correct Answer: Immunocompromised patients (HIV, cancer), pregnant women, those on high-dose
glucocorticoids.
1. Tdap recommended for all adults every 10 years.
2. Given during each pregnancy (27-36 weeks).
5. What is a contraindication for DTaP or Tdap vaccine?
Correct Answer: History of anaphylactic reaction or encephalopathy within 7 days of vaccine.
1. Moderate to severe febrile illness also a contraindication.
2. Caution with prior shock-like state, fever >105°F, persistent inconsolable crying >3 hours, or
seizures within 3 days.
, 6. What are contraindications for varicella vaccine?
Correct Answer: Pregnancy, leukemia or lymphoma, hypersensitivity to neomycin or gelatin. Children
should avoid salicylates for 6 weeks after.
1. Live virus vaccine – contraindicated in pregnancy and immunosuppression.
2. Reye's syndrome risk with salicylates after varicella.
7. What are contraindications for Hepatitis B vaccine?
Correct Answer: Prior anaphylactic reaction to baker's yeast or to Hep B vaccine itself.
1. Hepatitis B vaccine is recombinant (not live) using yeast cells.
2. Contraindication is rare.
8. What is an example of an attenuated vaccine?
Correct Answer: Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine; varicella (chickenpox) vaccine.
1. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened live organisms.
2. Contraindicated in pregnancy and immunocompromised.
9. What is an example of a live virus vaccine?
Correct Answer: Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (MMR); varicella virus vaccine.
1. Live virus vaccines produce strong, durable immunity.
2. Avoid in pregnancy and immunosuppression.
10. What is an example of a toxoid vaccine?
Correct Answer: DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis); tetanus toxoid.
1. Toxoid vaccines use inactivated bacterial toxins.
2. Induce antibodies against the toxin, not the bacteria.
11. What is an example of an inactive viral antigen vaccine?
Correct Answer: Poliovirus vaccine, hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), influenza vaccine (inactivated).
1. Killed or inactivated viruses cannot cause disease.
2. Safe for immunocompromised patients.
12. What is herd immunity?
Correct Answer: Resistance to an infectious organism due to a large group of immune individuals,
reducing spread to non-immune individuals.
1. Protects vulnerable populations unable to vaccinate.
2. Requires high vaccination rates (typically >90-95%).
