NR 574 CEA Midterm Exam: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Pulmonary - COPD,
Asthma, Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct
(Verified Answers) – Chamberlain University
Subject: Advanced Practice Nursing – COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure, Oxygen Therapy,
Noninvasive Ventilation
Source: NR 574 CEA Midterm Exam / Chamberlain University / Clinical Practice Guidelines (2026/2027
Update)
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationales | Grade A Guaranteed
1. Who is the typical patient with COPD?
Correct Answer: Older adult with smoking history.
1. COPD primarily affects older adults with significant smoking history.
2. Other risk factors include occupational exposures and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
2. Who is the typical patient with asthma?
Correct Answer: Younger patient with atopy or allergies.
1. Asthma often presents in childhood or young adulthood.
2. Atopic conditions (eczema, allergic rhinitis) are common comorbidities.
3. Is COPD airflow limitation reversible?
Correct Answer: Partially reversible.
1. COPD has fixed airflow obstruction with some reversibility.
2. Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70 confirms obstruction.
4. Is asthma airflow limitation reversible?
Correct Answer: Fully reversible.
1. Asthma has variable and reversible airflow obstruction.
2. Spirometry normalizes between exacerbations with treatment.
5. What is the baseline lung function in COPD?
Correct Answer: Chronically impaired.
1. COPD causes progressive, irreversible lung damage.
2. FEV1 declines more rapidly than in normal aging.
, 6. What is the baseline lung function in asthma?
Correct Answer: Normal between exacerbations.
1. Asthma patients have normal lung function when well-controlled.
2. Long-standing asthma may lead to fixed airflow obstruction.
7. What is the most common trigger for COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Infection (viral or bacterial).
1. Respiratory infections are the leading cause of COPD exacerbations.
2. Environmental pollutants and non-adherence to medications are also triggers.
8. What are the classic symptoms of COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Worsening dyspnea, increased sputum volume, purulent sputum.
1. The "Cardiff triad" helps identify COPD exacerbations.
2. Two of three symptoms indicate exacerbation.
9. What is the first-line treatment for COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Bronchodilators (short-acting beta-agonists and anticholinergics) and systemic
steroids.
1. SABA (albuterol) and SAMA (ipratropium) are first-line.
2. Systemic corticosteroids reduce inflammation and shorten recovery time.
10. When are antibiotics indicated in COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Increased sputum purulence or volume.
1. Antibiotics are indicated when sputum becomes purulent.
2. Also indicated if patient requires mechanical ventilation.
11. What are common antibiotics for COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Azithromycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanate.
1. Macrolides, tetracyclines, and respiratory fluoroquinolones.
2. Choice based on local resistance and patient factors.
12. What is the oxygen goal in COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: 88-92% (targeted oxygen therapy).
1. Over-oxygenation can cause CO2 retention.
2. Titrate oxygen to maintain SpO2 88-92%.
Asthma, Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct
(Verified Answers) – Chamberlain University
Subject: Advanced Practice Nursing – COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia, Respiratory Failure, Oxygen Therapy,
Noninvasive Ventilation
Source: NR 574 CEA Midterm Exam / Chamberlain University / Clinical Practice Guidelines (2026/2027
Update)
Format: Q&A Guide with Clinical Rationales | Grade A Guaranteed
1. Who is the typical patient with COPD?
Correct Answer: Older adult with smoking history.
1. COPD primarily affects older adults with significant smoking history.
2. Other risk factors include occupational exposures and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
2. Who is the typical patient with asthma?
Correct Answer: Younger patient with atopy or allergies.
1. Asthma often presents in childhood or young adulthood.
2. Atopic conditions (eczema, allergic rhinitis) are common comorbidities.
3. Is COPD airflow limitation reversible?
Correct Answer: Partially reversible.
1. COPD has fixed airflow obstruction with some reversibility.
2. Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70 confirms obstruction.
4. Is asthma airflow limitation reversible?
Correct Answer: Fully reversible.
1. Asthma has variable and reversible airflow obstruction.
2. Spirometry normalizes between exacerbations with treatment.
5. What is the baseline lung function in COPD?
Correct Answer: Chronically impaired.
1. COPD causes progressive, irreversible lung damage.
2. FEV1 declines more rapidly than in normal aging.
, 6. What is the baseline lung function in asthma?
Correct Answer: Normal between exacerbations.
1. Asthma patients have normal lung function when well-controlled.
2. Long-standing asthma may lead to fixed airflow obstruction.
7. What is the most common trigger for COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Infection (viral or bacterial).
1. Respiratory infections are the leading cause of COPD exacerbations.
2. Environmental pollutants and non-adherence to medications are also triggers.
8. What are the classic symptoms of COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Worsening dyspnea, increased sputum volume, purulent sputum.
1. The "Cardiff triad" helps identify COPD exacerbations.
2. Two of three symptoms indicate exacerbation.
9. What is the first-line treatment for COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Bronchodilators (short-acting beta-agonists and anticholinergics) and systemic
steroids.
1. SABA (albuterol) and SAMA (ipratropium) are first-line.
2. Systemic corticosteroids reduce inflammation and shorten recovery time.
10. When are antibiotics indicated in COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Increased sputum purulence or volume.
1. Antibiotics are indicated when sputum becomes purulent.
2. Also indicated if patient requires mechanical ventilation.
11. What are common antibiotics for COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: Azithromycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanate.
1. Macrolides, tetracyclines, and respiratory fluoroquinolones.
2. Choice based on local resistance and patient factors.
12. What is the oxygen goal in COPD exacerbation?
Correct Answer: 88-92% (targeted oxygen therapy).
1. Over-oxygenation can cause CO2 retention.
2. Titrate oxygen to maintain SpO2 88-92%.
