LIBERTY UNIVERSITY MSCI 660
INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANE TRAFFIC
AND CELLULAR SORTING QUIZ 2026
COMPREHENSIVE TEST QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ - NADH + H+
- FADH2
- ATP、CO2.
Answer: What are products of Tricarboxylic/Citric acid cycle, TCA
cycle
⩥ - The electrons of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to molecular
oxygen, via respiratory chain, with energy released.
Answer: What is Oxidative phosphorylation?
⩥ - The energy released can be used to pump protons (H+) from the
matrix to the intermembrane space, against their concentration gradient.
- Energy will be used to generate ATP
1 NADH → 2.5 ATP
1 FADH2 → 1.5 ATP.
,Answer: Respiratory chain / electron transport chain
⩥ - The electron transport chain perform the electron transfer and the
release of energy and pump protons (H+) into the intermembrane space.
- As the proton concentration increases in the intermembrane space, a
strong electrochemical gradient is established across the inner
membrane.
- The protons can return to the matrix through the ATP synthase
complex, and their potential energy is used to synthesize ATP from ADP
& inorganic phosphate (Pi) binding..
Answer: Theory of chemiosmotic coupling
⩥ - ATP synthase can catalyses the synthesis of ATP. The process is
driven by the proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial
membrane.
- Consists of two subunits :
1. Catalytic subunit (F1)
2. Hydrophobic proton channel subunit (F0)..
Answer: ATP synthesis
,⩥ - Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes:
necessitating a mechanism to target and import those proteins into
mitochondria.
- Similar to ER proteins importing, mito. proteins contain a cleavable
signal sequence that targets mitochondria.
- Mito. proteins should be kept unfolded in the cytosol by cytosolic
chaperones(hsp70s).
- There are two sets of translocators on mito. outer/inner membrane that
allow passage of proteins.
- Targeting the matrix, signal sequence usually resides at the N-terminus.
- Some proteins contain a second or stop transfer sequence to target the
inner membrane, recognized by the TIM complex..
Answer: The transport of mito. proteins
⩥ 1. In the matrix, chaperones (mthsp70) "pull" the protein across the
inner membrane, with ATP hydrolysis.
2. The proteins fold inside the matrix with sequence cleavage.
, 3. Proteins targeted to the outer membrane are translocated into the
intermembrane space, then imported into the outer membrane by the
SAM translocator..
Answer: Mechanism in the transport of mito. proteins
⩥ - "inner nuclear membrane"
- "outer nuclear membrane"
- "nuclear pore complex" (NPC)
- perinuclear space.
Answer: What structures do nuclear envelope contain? (4)
⩥ - separates DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis
- transport RNA, nuclear protein through nuclear pore.
Answer: What are functions of nuclear envelope? (2)
⩥ Prokaryote: 5-10 um
Eukaryote cell: 20-30 um
- animal cell nucleus 5-10 um
- plant cell nucleus 5-20 um.
Answer: Size of nuclei in different cells (4)
INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANE TRAFFIC
AND CELLULAR SORTING QUIZ 2026
COMPREHENSIVE TEST QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ - NADH + H+
- FADH2
- ATP、CO2.
Answer: What are products of Tricarboxylic/Citric acid cycle, TCA
cycle
⩥ - The electrons of NADH and FADH2 are transferred to molecular
oxygen, via respiratory chain, with energy released.
Answer: What is Oxidative phosphorylation?
⩥ - The energy released can be used to pump protons (H+) from the
matrix to the intermembrane space, against their concentration gradient.
- Energy will be used to generate ATP
1 NADH → 2.5 ATP
1 FADH2 → 1.5 ATP.
,Answer: Respiratory chain / electron transport chain
⩥ - The electron transport chain perform the electron transfer and the
release of energy and pump protons (H+) into the intermembrane space.
- As the proton concentration increases in the intermembrane space, a
strong electrochemical gradient is established across the inner
membrane.
- The protons can return to the matrix through the ATP synthase
complex, and their potential energy is used to synthesize ATP from ADP
& inorganic phosphate (Pi) binding..
Answer: Theory of chemiosmotic coupling
⩥ - ATP synthase can catalyses the synthesis of ATP. The process is
driven by the proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial
membrane.
- Consists of two subunits :
1. Catalytic subunit (F1)
2. Hydrophobic proton channel subunit (F0)..
Answer: ATP synthesis
,⩥ - Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes:
necessitating a mechanism to target and import those proteins into
mitochondria.
- Similar to ER proteins importing, mito. proteins contain a cleavable
signal sequence that targets mitochondria.
- Mito. proteins should be kept unfolded in the cytosol by cytosolic
chaperones(hsp70s).
- There are two sets of translocators on mito. outer/inner membrane that
allow passage of proteins.
- Targeting the matrix, signal sequence usually resides at the N-terminus.
- Some proteins contain a second or stop transfer sequence to target the
inner membrane, recognized by the TIM complex..
Answer: The transport of mito. proteins
⩥ 1. In the matrix, chaperones (mthsp70) "pull" the protein across the
inner membrane, with ATP hydrolysis.
2. The proteins fold inside the matrix with sequence cleavage.
, 3. Proteins targeted to the outer membrane are translocated into the
intermembrane space, then imported into the outer membrane by the
SAM translocator..
Answer: Mechanism in the transport of mito. proteins
⩥ - "inner nuclear membrane"
- "outer nuclear membrane"
- "nuclear pore complex" (NPC)
- perinuclear space.
Answer: What structures do nuclear envelope contain? (4)
⩥ - separates DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis
- transport RNA, nuclear protein through nuclear pore.
Answer: What are functions of nuclear envelope? (2)
⩥ Prokaryote: 5-10 um
Eukaryote cell: 20-30 um
- animal cell nucleus 5-10 um
- plant cell nucleus 5-20 um.
Answer: Size of nuclei in different cells (4)
