Evolution Final Exam Review – Comprehensive Study Guide & Revision Notes
Mutations can be - correct answer ✔✔slightly deleterious, neutral, beneficial, or lethal
C+G pairs have how many bonds? - correct answer ✔✔3
A+T base pairs have how many hydrogen bonds? - correct answer ✔✔2
About how many total base pairs are
there in a typical human genome? - correct answer ✔✔6 billion (other smaller "less complex"
organisms have more, # of base pairs does not = complexity)
Cell size scales (grows) with _____ size - correct answer ✔✔genome size
Charles Lyell laid the groundwork for - correct answer ✔✔the idea of evolution, he proposed
large scale change over long periods of time known as Uniformitarianism (ex. erosion)
Empedocles asked about how - correct answer ✔✔diversity in animals originated, he proposed
body parts rose from the ground
What is Catastrophism - correct answer ✔✔major geological features arose through sudden
cataclysmic large-scale events
What percentage of the human
genome codes for genes? - correct answer ✔✔2%,
, What percent of human DNA is regulatory? (on/off switch) - correct answer ✔✔18%
What percent is non-coding/non-functional? - correct answer ✔✔80%
Non-coding and non-functional DNA is - correct answer ✔✔highly repetitive and nearly neutral
How many possible codon combinations are there? - correct answer ✔✔64
How many amino acids are there? - correct answer ✔✔20
Natural Selection acts upon - correct answer ✔✔phenotypes
A mutaJon that changes one amino
acid into a different amino acid is a - correct answer ✔✔Nonsynonymous mutation
mutations occur in ________ but _________ evolve - correct answer ✔✔individuals,
populations
Hardy Weinberg, without other forces genotype and allele frequencies will ________
_________ throughout generations - correct answer ✔✔remain constant
Hardy Weinberg assumptions (5) - correct answer ✔✔No selection
no mutation
No migration
No genetic drift (infinite population size)
random mating (equal reproductive success)
Mutations can be - correct answer ✔✔slightly deleterious, neutral, beneficial, or lethal
C+G pairs have how many bonds? - correct answer ✔✔3
A+T base pairs have how many hydrogen bonds? - correct answer ✔✔2
About how many total base pairs are
there in a typical human genome? - correct answer ✔✔6 billion (other smaller "less complex"
organisms have more, # of base pairs does not = complexity)
Cell size scales (grows) with _____ size - correct answer ✔✔genome size
Charles Lyell laid the groundwork for - correct answer ✔✔the idea of evolution, he proposed
large scale change over long periods of time known as Uniformitarianism (ex. erosion)
Empedocles asked about how - correct answer ✔✔diversity in animals originated, he proposed
body parts rose from the ground
What is Catastrophism - correct answer ✔✔major geological features arose through sudden
cataclysmic large-scale events
What percentage of the human
genome codes for genes? - correct answer ✔✔2%,
, What percent of human DNA is regulatory? (on/off switch) - correct answer ✔✔18%
What percent is non-coding/non-functional? - correct answer ✔✔80%
Non-coding and non-functional DNA is - correct answer ✔✔highly repetitive and nearly neutral
How many possible codon combinations are there? - correct answer ✔✔64
How many amino acids are there? - correct answer ✔✔20
Natural Selection acts upon - correct answer ✔✔phenotypes
A mutaJon that changes one amino
acid into a different amino acid is a - correct answer ✔✔Nonsynonymous mutation
mutations occur in ________ but _________ evolve - correct answer ✔✔individuals,
populations
Hardy Weinberg, without other forces genotype and allele frequencies will ________
_________ throughout generations - correct answer ✔✔remain constant
Hardy Weinberg assumptions (5) - correct answer ✔✔No selection
no mutation
No migration
No genetic drift (infinite population size)
random mating (equal reproductive success)
