CPSY 2301 Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers

CPSY 2301 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers

What evidence is there that young infants can experience emotions? - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔--inferred from facial expressions | | |




contentment: happiness, interest | |




distress: anger, fear, sadness, disgust
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smiling: reflexive, in REM sleep, social smile (8-10 wks), laugher (12-16 wks)
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How is emotional expression an important social skill for infants? - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔--expressing wants and needs | | |




-communication with caregiver | |




Problems with using facial expressions to judge emotion - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔--may not be valid accross all contexts | | | | | |




-masking emotions |




-include physiological response: heart rate, sweat, brain activity
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Temperament - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-behavioral consistencies that occur early
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in life that are usually emotional in nature
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Temperament Types study (NYLS) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-easy/"flexible"- 40%,
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positive mood, fast adaptation
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difficult/"spirited"- 10%, negative mood, slow adaptation | | | | |

,slow to warm up/"shy"- 15%, withdrawal, slow adaptation
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Temperament-- Nature vs. Nurture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Nature: | | | | | | |




-differences appear early | |




-heritability, twin studies | |




-monkey studies (genes associated w/ temp.)
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Nurture:
-modest stability over time
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-influenced by caregiving | |




-cultural effect |




Goodness of fit - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-fit between infant temperament and
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parent behavior toward and with the infant, predicts developmental outcomes
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(espeically for difficult children) | | |




Signs of Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--seperation anxiety
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-stranger anxiety |




-comfort seeking |




-greetings
-reunion behavior |




-secure base |




**all signs emerge by 6-12 months
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**universal across cultures | |

, Harlow's Monkeys Study of Attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-all monkeys
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spent more time with cloth mom as secure base, regardless of food
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**feeding not basis of attachment
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**close, comforting relationships
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Ethological Theory of Attachment by John Bowlby - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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evolutionary, for survival, cared for and protection
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Secure attachment style - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-used caregiver as secure base,
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effectively soothed |




insecure-avoidant attachment style - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-less responsive, slow
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to greet, similar to stranger
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insecure-resistant attachment style - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-reduced exploration,
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seeks proximity but not soothed
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insecure-disorganized attachment style - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-confused, | | | | | |


contradictory behaviors dazed, fearful facial expressions frozen postures
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Freud theory of attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-mother provides for all
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other relationships, breastfeeding and providing food
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Behaviorist theory of attachment - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-caregivers fill basic
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needs, i.e. feeding, discomfort, infants become attached through reinforcement
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