ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY FOR
EMERGENCY CARE PRACTICE SET 2026
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ acetabulum. Answer: The depression on the lateral pelvis where
its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits
snugly.
◉ adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Answer: The nucleotide involved in
energy metabolism; used to store energy.
◉ adrenal glands. Answer: Endocrine glands located on top of the
kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic
nervous system.
◉ adrenergic. Answer: Pertaining to nerves that release the
neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline; also pertains to
the receptors acted on by norepinephrine.
◉ aerobic metabolism. Answer: Metabolism that can proceed only
in the presence of oxygen.
,◉ agonal gasps. Answer: Abnormal breathing pattern characterized
by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac
arrest.
◉ alpha-adrenergic receptors. Answer: Portions of the nervous
system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood
vessels.
◉ alveoli. Answer: The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
◉ anaerobic metabolism. Answer: Metabolism that takes place in
the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid.
◉ anatomic position. Answer: The position of reference in which the
patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with the palms of the
hands forward.
◉ anatomy. Answer: The study of the physical structure of the body
and its components.
◉ aorta. Answer: The main artery leaving the left side of the heart
and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.
◉ appendicular skeleton. Answer: The portion of the skeletal system
that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle.
, ◉ appendix. Answer: A small, tubular structure that is attached to
the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the
abdomen.
◉ arterioles. Answer: The smallest branches of arteries leading to
the vast network of capillaries.
◉ articular cartilage. Answer: A pearly layer of specialized cartilage
covering the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints.
◉ atrium. Answer: One of the two upper chambers of the heart.
◉ autonomic nervous system. Answer: The part of the nervous
system that regulates functions that are not controlled voluntarily.
◉ axial skeleton. Answer: The part of the skeleton comprising the
skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
◉ axons. Answer: Extensions of a neuron that carry impulses away
from the nerve cell body to the dendrites of another neuron.
◉ ball-and-socket joint. Answer: A joint that allows internal and
external rotation, as well as bending.
, ◉ beta-adrenergic receptors. Answer: Portions of the nervous
system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of
contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial
dilation.
◉ biceps. Answer: The large muscle that covers the front of the
humerus.
◉ bile ducts. Answer: The ducts that convey bile between the liver
and the intestine.
◉ blood pressure (BP). Answer: The pressure that the blood exerts
against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them.
◉ brachial artery. Answer: The major vessel in the upper extremities
that supplies blood to the arm.
◉ brain. Answer: The controlling organ of the body and center of
consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to
the environment, emotional responses, and judgment.
◉ brainstem. Answer: The area of the brain between the spinal cord
and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that
are necessary for life, such as respiration.
◉ calcaneus. Answer: The heel bone.
EMERGENCY CARE PRACTICE SET 2026
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ acetabulum. Answer: The depression on the lateral pelvis where
its three component bones join, in which the femoral head fits
snugly.
◉ adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Answer: The nucleotide involved in
energy metabolism; used to store energy.
◉ adrenal glands. Answer: Endocrine glands located on top of the
kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by the sympathetic
nervous system.
◉ adrenergic. Answer: Pertaining to nerves that release the
neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline; also pertains to
the receptors acted on by norepinephrine.
◉ aerobic metabolism. Answer: Metabolism that can proceed only
in the presence of oxygen.
,◉ agonal gasps. Answer: Abnormal breathing pattern characterized
by slow, gasping breaths, sometimes seen in patients in cardiac
arrest.
◉ alpha-adrenergic receptors. Answer: Portions of the nervous
system that, when stimulated, can cause constriction of blood
vessels.
◉ alveoli. Answer: The air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
◉ anaerobic metabolism. Answer: Metabolism that takes place in
the absence of oxygen; the main by-product is lactic acid.
◉ anatomic position. Answer: The position of reference in which the
patient stands facing forward, arms at the side, with the palms of the
hands forward.
◉ anatomy. Answer: The study of the physical structure of the body
and its components.
◉ aorta. Answer: The main artery leaving the left side of the heart
and carrying freshly oxygenated blood to the body.
◉ appendicular skeleton. Answer: The portion of the skeletal system
that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle.
, ◉ appendix. Answer: A small, tubular structure that is attached to
the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the
abdomen.
◉ arterioles. Answer: The smallest branches of arteries leading to
the vast network of capillaries.
◉ articular cartilage. Answer: A pearly layer of specialized cartilage
covering the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints.
◉ atrium. Answer: One of the two upper chambers of the heart.
◉ autonomic nervous system. Answer: The part of the nervous
system that regulates functions that are not controlled voluntarily.
◉ axial skeleton. Answer: The part of the skeleton comprising the
skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
◉ axons. Answer: Extensions of a neuron that carry impulses away
from the nerve cell body to the dendrites of another neuron.
◉ ball-and-socket joint. Answer: A joint that allows internal and
external rotation, as well as bending.
, ◉ beta-adrenergic receptors. Answer: Portions of the nervous
system that, when stimulated, can cause an increase in the force of
contraction of the heart, an increased heart rate, and bronchial
dilation.
◉ biceps. Answer: The large muscle that covers the front of the
humerus.
◉ bile ducts. Answer: The ducts that convey bile between the liver
and the intestine.
◉ blood pressure (BP). Answer: The pressure that the blood exerts
against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them.
◉ brachial artery. Answer: The major vessel in the upper extremities
that supplies blood to the arm.
◉ brain. Answer: The controlling organ of the body and center of
consciousness; functions include perception, control of reactions to
the environment, emotional responses, and judgment.
◉ brainstem. Answer: The area of the brain between the spinal cord
and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum; controls functions that
are necessary for life, such as respiration.
◉ calcaneus. Answer: The heel bone.
