NR 224 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE RESPONSES
APPROVED
‣ Colonization. Answer: occurs when a microorganism invades the host but does
not cause infection
‣ Communicable Disease. Answer: is the infectious disease transmitted from one
person to another.
‣ If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms..... Answer: the
infection is symptomatic
‣ If clinical signs and symptoms are not present... Answer: the illness is
asymptomatic
‣ ***Most important technique to use in preventing and controlling transmission
of infection is..... Answer: HAND HYGIENE!
‣ ***Chain of Infection. Answer: 1)Infectious agent or pathogen
2)Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3)Portal of exit
4)Mode of transmission
5)Portal of entry
6)Susceptible host
‣ Direct contact. Answer: Person to person OR Person to source
‣ Indirect contact. Answer: Person to inanimate object
‣ Droplet contact. Answer: Coughing, Sneezing, Talking (Lg particle only 3 ft)
,‣ Airborne. Answer: Droplet nuclei or residue suspended in air or carried on dust
particles
‣ Vehicles. Answer: Food, water, drugs and solutions, blood, fomites
‣ Vector. Answer: -External transfer
-Internal Transmission (parasitic) Mosquito, louse, flea, tick
‣ Immunocompromised. Answer: means having an impaired immune system.
‣ Virulence. Answer: is the ability to produce disease
‣ Aerobic Bacteria. Answer: require oxygen for survival and for multiplication
sufficient to cause disease.
‣ Anaerobic. Answer: thrive where little or no free oxygen is available.
‣ Bacteriostasis. Answer: prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria.
‣ Bactericidal. Answer: destructive to bacteria
‣ Normal flora. Answer: helps to resist infection by releasing antibacterial
substances and inhibiting multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms
‣ Factors influencing infection prevention and control.... Answer: Age
Nutritional status
Stress
Disease process
Treatments or conditions that compromise the immune response
‣ Health Care Associated Infection (HAI's) (Nosocomial). Answer: Results from
delivery of health services in a health care facility
‣ Patients at greater risk of HAI.... Answer: Multiple illnesses
Older adults
Poorly nourished
Lowered resistance to infection
,Critical illness
invasive treatment devices
‣ Major sites for HAI's.... Answer: Surgical or traumatic wounds
Urinary and respiratory tracts
Bloodstream
‣ More complex condition of the patient.... Answer: Less people should be taking
care of them
‣ ***Medical Asepsis. Answer: Controlling Pathogen
Hand hygiene
"Clean procedure"
Common on home, ECF, assisted living
Standard precautions (CDC)
‣ ***Sterile Asepsis. Answer: Killing or eliminating pathogen
Scrub (Surgical)
PPE Sterile handling
Common in hospital
‣ ***Principles of Surgical Asepsis. Answer: 1. A sterile object remains sterile only
when touched by another sterile object.
2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field.
3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a
person's waist is contaminated.
4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.
5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the
sterile object or field becomes contaminated by capillary action.
6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity.
7. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated.
, ‣ Disinfection. Answer: a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms,
with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects
‣ Sterilization. Answer: the complete elimination or destruction of all
microorganisms, including spores
‣ ***Isolation Considerations. Answer: Psychological implications
Isolation environment
Personal protective equipment
Specimen collection
Bagging of trash or linen
Patient transport
‣ Infection Assessment. Answer: Review of past disease
travel history
Immunizations and vaccinations
Status of defense mechanisms
Patient susceptibility
Medications/therapies
Clinical appearance
Signs and symptoms of infection
NEG cultures
‣ Vital signs are used to.... Answer: Monitor patient's condition
•Identify problems
•Evaluate response to intervention
‣ Vital Signs. Answer: Indicators of bodily functions that reflect health status of
the patient
‣ Order of Vitals ALWAYS..... Answer: T, P, R, BP, O2 & pain
‣ Temperature. Answer: 36-38C(96.8-100.4)
‣ Temp -Tympanic. Answer: 37 C or 98.6F
SCRIPT 2026 COMPLETE RESPONSES
APPROVED
‣ Colonization. Answer: occurs when a microorganism invades the host but does
not cause infection
‣ Communicable Disease. Answer: is the infectious disease transmitted from one
person to another.
‣ If pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms..... Answer: the
infection is symptomatic
‣ If clinical signs and symptoms are not present... Answer: the illness is
asymptomatic
‣ ***Most important technique to use in preventing and controlling transmission
of infection is..... Answer: HAND HYGIENE!
‣ ***Chain of Infection. Answer: 1)Infectious agent or pathogen
2)Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
3)Portal of exit
4)Mode of transmission
5)Portal of entry
6)Susceptible host
‣ Direct contact. Answer: Person to person OR Person to source
‣ Indirect contact. Answer: Person to inanimate object
‣ Droplet contact. Answer: Coughing, Sneezing, Talking (Lg particle only 3 ft)
,‣ Airborne. Answer: Droplet nuclei or residue suspended in air or carried on dust
particles
‣ Vehicles. Answer: Food, water, drugs and solutions, blood, fomites
‣ Vector. Answer: -External transfer
-Internal Transmission (parasitic) Mosquito, louse, flea, tick
‣ Immunocompromised. Answer: means having an impaired immune system.
‣ Virulence. Answer: is the ability to produce disease
‣ Aerobic Bacteria. Answer: require oxygen for survival and for multiplication
sufficient to cause disease.
‣ Anaerobic. Answer: thrive where little or no free oxygen is available.
‣ Bacteriostasis. Answer: prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria.
‣ Bactericidal. Answer: destructive to bacteria
‣ Normal flora. Answer: helps to resist infection by releasing antibacterial
substances and inhibiting multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms
‣ Factors influencing infection prevention and control.... Answer: Age
Nutritional status
Stress
Disease process
Treatments or conditions that compromise the immune response
‣ Health Care Associated Infection (HAI's) (Nosocomial). Answer: Results from
delivery of health services in a health care facility
‣ Patients at greater risk of HAI.... Answer: Multiple illnesses
Older adults
Poorly nourished
Lowered resistance to infection
,Critical illness
invasive treatment devices
‣ Major sites for HAI's.... Answer: Surgical or traumatic wounds
Urinary and respiratory tracts
Bloodstream
‣ More complex condition of the patient.... Answer: Less people should be taking
care of them
‣ ***Medical Asepsis. Answer: Controlling Pathogen
Hand hygiene
"Clean procedure"
Common on home, ECF, assisted living
Standard precautions (CDC)
‣ ***Sterile Asepsis. Answer: Killing or eliminating pathogen
Scrub (Surgical)
PPE Sterile handling
Common in hospital
‣ ***Principles of Surgical Asepsis. Answer: 1. A sterile object remains sterile only
when touched by another sterile object.
2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field.
3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a
person's waist is contaminated.
4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.
5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the
sterile object or field becomes contaminated by capillary action.
6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity.
7. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated.
, ‣ Disinfection. Answer: a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms,
with the exception of bacterial spores, from inanimate objects
‣ Sterilization. Answer: the complete elimination or destruction of all
microorganisms, including spores
‣ ***Isolation Considerations. Answer: Psychological implications
Isolation environment
Personal protective equipment
Specimen collection
Bagging of trash or linen
Patient transport
‣ Infection Assessment. Answer: Review of past disease
travel history
Immunizations and vaccinations
Status of defense mechanisms
Patient susceptibility
Medications/therapies
Clinical appearance
Signs and symptoms of infection
NEG cultures
‣ Vital signs are used to.... Answer: Monitor patient's condition
•Identify problems
•Evaluate response to intervention
‣ Vital Signs. Answer: Indicators of bodily functions that reflect health status of
the patient
‣ Order of Vitals ALWAYS..... Answer: T, P, R, BP, O2 & pain
‣ Temperature. Answer: 36-38C(96.8-100.4)
‣ Temp -Tympanic. Answer: 37 C or 98.6F
