WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OA EXAM STUDY GUIDE
LATEST VERSION UPDATED AND REVISED IN 2025
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWER -
>T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells
produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. -
ANSWER ->Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? -
ANSWER ->Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions
affect wellbeing. - ANSWER ->(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts
can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWER ->Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin
II > vasoconstriction > release aldosterone > kidneys conserve
sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood
pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSWER ->increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
,How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWER ->retain H
and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? -
ANSWER ->Potassium
West Nile Virus - ANSWER ->Transmitted through the bite of an
infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever,
headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSWER ->Tick-borne disease caused by the
spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSWER ->a febrile upper respiratory
illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red,
flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with
_____. - ANSWER ->Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER ->arm/carpal spasm associated with
hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWER ->results from failure
of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSWER ->males
, Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWER ->ND-PAE,
decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWER ->Connective-
RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSWER ->Inflammatory disorder
characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER ->It is an autoimmune
disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This
causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day,
along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSWER ->inflammation of the skin
eczema - ANSWER ->noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease
characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSWER ->sore caused by lying down for long
periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSWER ->superficial, localized skin
conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure to
spores
may or may not be transmitted
LATEST VERSION UPDATED AND REVISED IN 2025
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWER -
>T cells produce cytokines, which stimulate B cells. B cells
produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. -
ANSWER ->Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? -
ANSWER ->Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions
affect wellbeing. - ANSWER ->(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts
can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWER ->Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin
II > vasoconstriction > release aldosterone > kidneys conserve
sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood
pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSWER ->increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
,How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWER ->retain H
and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? -
ANSWER ->Potassium
West Nile Virus - ANSWER ->Transmitted through the bite of an
infected mosquito. Severe signs and symptoms; high fever,
headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSWER ->Tick-borne disease caused by the
spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSWER ->a febrile upper respiratory
illness in a child followed by the sudden appearance of red,
flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with
_____. - ANSWER ->Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER ->arm/carpal spasm associated with
hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWER ->results from failure
of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSWER ->males
, Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWER ->ND-PAE,
decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWER ->Connective-
RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSWER ->Inflammatory disorder
characterized by joint pain and butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER ->It is an autoimmune
disorder where antibodies attack own Ach receptors. This
causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day,
along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSWER ->inflammation of the skin
eczema - ANSWER ->noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease
characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSWER ->sore caused by lying down for long
periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSWER ->superficial, localized skin
conditions or deep tissue infections caused by exposure to
spores
may or may not be transmitted
