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BIO 201 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

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This document cover the basics of human anatomy and physiology, starting with the anatomical position (body erect, palms forward) which is essential for using directional terms. They describe body planes, cavities (dorsal and ventral), and the principle of homeostasis via negative feedback. Key topics include basic chemistry, cell structure and transport (e.g., Na-K pump), organelles, and the four primary tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. The notes end with cell adaptations, stem cells, and fibrosis.

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BIO 201 HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGYI
MIDTERM EXAM 2026, QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS

1. anatomical position - >>>>>> ANSWER: body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs
pointing away from body



2. anatomical position importance - >>>>>> ANSWER: directional terms are based on it, right and left
refer to the body of the person, not the right and left of the viewer



3. sagittal plane - >>>>>> ANSWER: divides body into right and left parts



4. midsagittal plane - >>>>>> ANSWER: (median) divides the body into right and left directly on the
midline



5. parasagittal plane - >>>>>> ANSWER: divides body into right and left off centered



6. frontal plane - >>>>>> ANSWER: (coronal) divides the body into anterior and posterior, front and
back, parts



7. transverse plane - >>>>>> ANSWER: (horizontal) divides the body horizontally into superior and
inferior, top and bottom, parts



8. oblique section - >>>>>> ANSWER: results of a cut at an angle other than 90 degrees to the vertical
plane



9. axial region - >>>>>> ANSWER: consist of head, neck and trunk



10. thoracic region - >>>>>> ANSWER: above the diaphragm

, 11. abdominal region - >>>>>> ANSWER: below the diaphragm



12. right upper quadrant - >>>>>> ANSWER: consists of gallbladder



13. left upper quadrant - >>>>>> ANSWER: consists of most of the stomach



14. right lower quadrant - >>>>>> ANSWER: consists of appendix, in appendicitis, there is pain in here



15. left lower quadrant - >>>>>> ANSWER: consists of mostly the large intestine



16. appendicular region - >>>>>> ANSWER: consists of upper and lower limbs



17. dorsal body cavity - >>>>>> ANSWER: protects the nervous system, is superior to the ventral body
cavity



18. cranial body cavity - >>>>>> ANSWER: encloses the brain



19. vertebral body cavity - >>>>>> ANSWER: encloses the spinal cord



20. ventral body cavity - >>>>>> ANSWER: contains organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic



21. thoracic cavity - >>>>>> ANSWER: divided into two parts by the mediastinum



22. mediastinum - >>>>>> ANSWER: region between the lungs, extends from the base of the neck to the
diaphragm, contains the heart, blood vessels, esophagus, etc.



23. pericardium - >>>>>> ANSWER: two layer membrane enclosing the heart



24. visceral pericardium - >>>>>> ANSWER: inner layer, lines the organs

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