Unit 12: Rebecca Brown (Child), Ben Grace (Adult)
P1: Rebecca Brown and Ben Grace are both service users who require support with their
additional needs.
Both service users have additional needs that need to be supported in order for them to live a
good quality of life. The term additional needs indicates that a service user requires extra
support. This could include support with physical, behavioural, learning, sensory and
developmental needs. Having additional needs can affect service user’s ability to do tasks and
participate in daily living, compared to other individuals who do not require support. For
instance, an individual with a learning disability may struggle to complete their personal care
and may be benefited from some support. Service users with additional needs may need
assistance with cooking, cleaning, writing, and communicating, but can receive support and
guidance from service providers.
“A learning disability is a reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities”,
they struggle to understand new or complex information which can have a long-term impact
on individuals (Mencap, accessed-15/4/21). Individuals who have a learning disability tend to
develop new skills, interact with others, comprehend complex skills at a slower rate than
others and struggle to cope independently, therefore support is then beneficial as it allows
individuals needs to be met and gives them the chance to live a good quality of life. When you
are diagnosed with a learning disability, you are more likely to have poorer cognitive function
than people who do not, which can influence how you understand, learn, and complete
everyday tasks and activities. Learning disabilities are categorised as mild, moderate, severe,
or profound based on the effect they have on a person's life and the amount of support they
need from professionals within health and social care. When an infant is born there are early
signs of a suspected learning disability that can be looked for, these include,
Difficulty feedings, sucking, and digesting
Delay in reaching milestones like sitting and standing
Have difficulty reading, writing, understanding information and instructions as they
grow up.
The word diagnoses are commonly used in health and social care; for example, a doctor may
diagnose a service user with a medical condition by determining the severity of the condition
and reviewing the symptoms. “Diagnostic procedures are techniques used to identify a
specific illness or medical condition” (NCBI, accessed- 20/04/21). The type of disability a
person has is determined by diagnostic procedures, which vary depending on the condition.
Diagnostic assessments are used in health and social care to collect evidence on an
individual's condition and to support the identification of what care will need to be provided.
For instance, Rebecca and Ben’s diagnostic procedures will be different as they have different
disabilities and needs. Examples of diagnostic procedures include,
Biopsy Bronchoscopy
CT Scan Cardiac catheterization
Radiography (x- rays)
Rebecca who is eight years old and uses a wheelchair, was injured in a road traffic accident
when she was five years old. As a result of her accident, she sustained a fractured spine
which has led to her having no movement below her cervical spine. Rebecca lives with her
parents, Sue, and David, as well as her 12-year-old brother Michael and they live in a small,
non-wheelchair accessible upstairs apartment provided by a housing association. Due to her
physical disabilities Rebecca requires one to one personal care. She attends a school for
children who have additional needs and throughout the school day she has a designated
teaching assistant and a carer who assist her with her personal cares. Rebecca's physical
conditions require alterations to the environment; for example, her school must be suitable
and accessible for her to get around safely. Her mum Sue works part-time at a nearby day
nursery but must stay at home during the school holidays to care for Rebecca and Michael,
, resulting in a reduction in the family's income. Her dad David is employed full-time at a
nearby factory, where he works long hours for a low salary. The Brown family's
neighbourhood is not accepting of Rebecca's "difference," and the family has received
negative remarks from neighbours as they walk down the street, prompting them to stop
going out as much as they would like to.
Rebecca's spinal accident has left her paralysed below the cervical spine, requiring her to use
a wheelchair. She has severe physical disabilities that affect her everyday life, personal care,
and independence. When Rebecca sustained her injuries, she would have been examined and
had her specific diagnostic procedures to determine the extent and severity of her injuries.
For instance, Computed Tomography (CT) scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans (MRI),
and X-Rays would all be effective in diagnosing Rebecca with her fractured spine. However,
first Rebecca’s breathing will be checked as this may indicate diaphragm injury, followed by a
physical examination of the spine. During these procedures, the spine will be kept in a neck or
back brace to protect any potential fractures before the diagnostics tests are completed.
Computed Tomography scans (CT): CT scans are performed by specially trained
Radiographers. They produce detailed images of inside the body by using x-rays and
computers, they are normally used to assess service user’s problems if they show symptoms.
CT scans can help diagnose conditions like stroke, cancer, and injuries to internal organs. As
well as assisting in the direction of further testing or treatments, such as determining the
position, size, and shape of a tumour before undergoing radiotherapy. CT scans also assist
with the monitoring of conditions and keeping track of how they are progressing, identifying
whether a condition has become worse or is showing improvement, they help monitor the
severity of the condition. For instance, monitoring the size of tumours before and after cancer
treatment. A CT scan typically takes 10-20 minutes and entails laying down on your back and
going through a CT scanner that rotates around a small area of the body. A CT scan of the
bones will be used to check for damage, lesions, fractures, or other issues. In Rebecca's case,
a CT scan will reveal the spinal fracture she sustained from her accident. A CT scan will be
used to assess the extent of Rebecca's injury and investigate a particular region of her spinal
column after her crash.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans (MRI): “An MRI is a type of scan that produces
detailed images of the inside of the body using strong magnetic fields and radio waves” (NHS,
accessed, 21/04/21). An MRI scan consists of lying-in a large tube that contains powerful
magnets. It can examine almost every area of the body including the brain, spinal cord, heart,
and internal organs. The scan takes longer than the other types of scan, taking somewhere
from 15 and 90 minutes which is dependent on the scale of the area being scanned and the
number of images taken. An MRI scan can be used to diagnose conditions, plan procedures,
and evaluate the effectiveness of previous treatments.
X-Rays: X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves that can travel through
the body, they are a very effective way to examine bones and can be used to diagnose a
variety of conditions. X-rays are usually carried out within healthcare settings like hospitals by
specially trained professionals called Radiographers. They can help detect bone fractures,
breaks, scoliosis, and breast cancer. The injuries Rebecca sustained to her spine would have
been recognised on an x-ray image, as X-rays are used to examine the bony vertebrae in your
back which will inform a Radiographer, or Doctor if any of them are fractured. An x-ray will
show clear images of Rebecca’s spine and allow professionals to provide a diagnosis.
The images are normally sent to a Specialist Doctor, who is a medical professional who can
examine the diagnosis and prognosis in order to help Rebecca cope with her diagnosis. This
will make sure appropriate measures are put in place to support Rebecca and are
individualised according to her needs.
You must be specially trained to become a qualified Radiographer in order to perform CT
scans, MRI scans, and X-rays on service users. As a Radiographer, you might be responsible
for producing and analysing high-resolution images of the body in order to detect and treat
P1: Rebecca Brown and Ben Grace are both service users who require support with their
additional needs.
Both service users have additional needs that need to be supported in order for them to live a
good quality of life. The term additional needs indicates that a service user requires extra
support. This could include support with physical, behavioural, learning, sensory and
developmental needs. Having additional needs can affect service user’s ability to do tasks and
participate in daily living, compared to other individuals who do not require support. For
instance, an individual with a learning disability may struggle to complete their personal care
and may be benefited from some support. Service users with additional needs may need
assistance with cooking, cleaning, writing, and communicating, but can receive support and
guidance from service providers.
“A learning disability is a reduced intellectual ability and difficulty with everyday activities”,
they struggle to understand new or complex information which can have a long-term impact
on individuals (Mencap, accessed-15/4/21). Individuals who have a learning disability tend to
develop new skills, interact with others, comprehend complex skills at a slower rate than
others and struggle to cope independently, therefore support is then beneficial as it allows
individuals needs to be met and gives them the chance to live a good quality of life. When you
are diagnosed with a learning disability, you are more likely to have poorer cognitive function
than people who do not, which can influence how you understand, learn, and complete
everyday tasks and activities. Learning disabilities are categorised as mild, moderate, severe,
or profound based on the effect they have on a person's life and the amount of support they
need from professionals within health and social care. When an infant is born there are early
signs of a suspected learning disability that can be looked for, these include,
Difficulty feedings, sucking, and digesting
Delay in reaching milestones like sitting and standing
Have difficulty reading, writing, understanding information and instructions as they
grow up.
The word diagnoses are commonly used in health and social care; for example, a doctor may
diagnose a service user with a medical condition by determining the severity of the condition
and reviewing the symptoms. “Diagnostic procedures are techniques used to identify a
specific illness or medical condition” (NCBI, accessed- 20/04/21). The type of disability a
person has is determined by diagnostic procedures, which vary depending on the condition.
Diagnostic assessments are used in health and social care to collect evidence on an
individual's condition and to support the identification of what care will need to be provided.
For instance, Rebecca and Ben’s diagnostic procedures will be different as they have different
disabilities and needs. Examples of diagnostic procedures include,
Biopsy Bronchoscopy
CT Scan Cardiac catheterization
Radiography (x- rays)
Rebecca who is eight years old and uses a wheelchair, was injured in a road traffic accident
when she was five years old. As a result of her accident, she sustained a fractured spine
which has led to her having no movement below her cervical spine. Rebecca lives with her
parents, Sue, and David, as well as her 12-year-old brother Michael and they live in a small,
non-wheelchair accessible upstairs apartment provided by a housing association. Due to her
physical disabilities Rebecca requires one to one personal care. She attends a school for
children who have additional needs and throughout the school day she has a designated
teaching assistant and a carer who assist her with her personal cares. Rebecca's physical
conditions require alterations to the environment; for example, her school must be suitable
and accessible for her to get around safely. Her mum Sue works part-time at a nearby day
nursery but must stay at home during the school holidays to care for Rebecca and Michael,
, resulting in a reduction in the family's income. Her dad David is employed full-time at a
nearby factory, where he works long hours for a low salary. The Brown family's
neighbourhood is not accepting of Rebecca's "difference," and the family has received
negative remarks from neighbours as they walk down the street, prompting them to stop
going out as much as they would like to.
Rebecca's spinal accident has left her paralysed below the cervical spine, requiring her to use
a wheelchair. She has severe physical disabilities that affect her everyday life, personal care,
and independence. When Rebecca sustained her injuries, she would have been examined and
had her specific diagnostic procedures to determine the extent and severity of her injuries.
For instance, Computed Tomography (CT) scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans (MRI),
and X-Rays would all be effective in diagnosing Rebecca with her fractured spine. However,
first Rebecca’s breathing will be checked as this may indicate diaphragm injury, followed by a
physical examination of the spine. During these procedures, the spine will be kept in a neck or
back brace to protect any potential fractures before the diagnostics tests are completed.
Computed Tomography scans (CT): CT scans are performed by specially trained
Radiographers. They produce detailed images of inside the body by using x-rays and
computers, they are normally used to assess service user’s problems if they show symptoms.
CT scans can help diagnose conditions like stroke, cancer, and injuries to internal organs. As
well as assisting in the direction of further testing or treatments, such as determining the
position, size, and shape of a tumour before undergoing radiotherapy. CT scans also assist
with the monitoring of conditions and keeping track of how they are progressing, identifying
whether a condition has become worse or is showing improvement, they help monitor the
severity of the condition. For instance, monitoring the size of tumours before and after cancer
treatment. A CT scan typically takes 10-20 minutes and entails laying down on your back and
going through a CT scanner that rotates around a small area of the body. A CT scan of the
bones will be used to check for damage, lesions, fractures, or other issues. In Rebecca's case,
a CT scan will reveal the spinal fracture she sustained from her accident. A CT scan will be
used to assess the extent of Rebecca's injury and investigate a particular region of her spinal
column after her crash.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans (MRI): “An MRI is a type of scan that produces
detailed images of the inside of the body using strong magnetic fields and radio waves” (NHS,
accessed, 21/04/21). An MRI scan consists of lying-in a large tube that contains powerful
magnets. It can examine almost every area of the body including the brain, spinal cord, heart,
and internal organs. The scan takes longer than the other types of scan, taking somewhere
from 15 and 90 minutes which is dependent on the scale of the area being scanned and the
number of images taken. An MRI scan can be used to diagnose conditions, plan procedures,
and evaluate the effectiveness of previous treatments.
X-Rays: X-rays are a type of radiation called electromagnetic waves that can travel through
the body, they are a very effective way to examine bones and can be used to diagnose a
variety of conditions. X-rays are usually carried out within healthcare settings like hospitals by
specially trained professionals called Radiographers. They can help detect bone fractures,
breaks, scoliosis, and breast cancer. The injuries Rebecca sustained to her spine would have
been recognised on an x-ray image, as X-rays are used to examine the bony vertebrae in your
back which will inform a Radiographer, or Doctor if any of them are fractured. An x-ray will
show clear images of Rebecca’s spine and allow professionals to provide a diagnosis.
The images are normally sent to a Specialist Doctor, who is a medical professional who can
examine the diagnosis and prognosis in order to help Rebecca cope with her diagnosis. This
will make sure appropriate measures are put in place to support Rebecca and are
individualised according to her needs.
You must be specially trained to become a qualified Radiographer in order to perform CT
scans, MRI scans, and X-rays on service users. As a Radiographer, you might be responsible
for producing and analysing high-resolution images of the body in order to detect and treat
