PHARMACOLOGY D441
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
LATEST 100% GUARANTEED
PASS
-sedation
-amnesia
-*RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION*
Adverse Effects:
-headache
-drowsiness
-dizziness, lethargy
-vertigo (balance related)
-significant fall hazard in older adults
Toxicity: confusion, somnolence, coma
Contraindications:
-pts with acute Narrow angle glaucoma should not take it (increase intraocular pressure)
-don't combine with other CNS depressants
-Rifampin (decreases its effects)
,-no grapefruit (increase serum concentration of the med)
-herbs that inhibit CYP3a4 (Kava, valerian)
-don't consume with alcohol (alcohol is a depressant and can increase effects)
-don't combine with opioids (morphine)
-don't combine with other muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine)
Nurse considerations:
-Do not discontinue abruptly (can cause rebound insomnia)
-supposed to be short term use
ANTIDOTE: flumazenil (short acting so will require multiple doses)
Centrally Acting Muscle relaxants
DRUG TYPES/MOA - CORRECT ANSWER-DRUG Types:
-baclofen (lioresal) centrally acting (CNS)
-cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) centrally acting
-Carisoprodol (popular when combined with a benzo and opioid its called the "Holy Trinity'"--
which produces a heroin like effect)**
Uses: Spasticity
Contraindications:
-use of all muscle relaxants in pts who have shown a hypersensitivity reaction to them or have a
compromised pulmonary function, active liver (hepatic) disease, or impaired myocardial (heart)
function
Baclofen (Lioresal)
,CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT - CORRECT ANSWER-Indication:
-used to treat chronic spastic muscular conditions
ROUTE: PO, titrated
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT - CORRECT ANSWER-Indication:
-commonly used to reduce spasms after musculoskeletal injuries
-common for patients to have marked sedation from its use
ROUTE: PO
Nursing Process before admin of:
-CNS depressants (-pine)
-muscle relaxants
-barbituate
-orexin receptor antagonists
-MISC drugs (hypnotics) - CORRECT ANSWER-Assessment:
-perform assessment on complaints of insomnia with attention to the onset, duration,
frequency
-concerns voiced by pt or others about sleep disorders
-energy level with awakening
-vital signs (BP both sitting up and supine)
-Pulse, rate rhythm
-respiratory
-Awake alertness and orientation levels
, -use of alcohol, smokinh, herbs
-loss/ gried
-drugs that may interact with Benzos
-In addition, before initiating drug therapy with the benzodiazepines and other sedative-
hypnotic drugs, including barbiturates, the prescriber may order blood studies, such as CBC.
Renal function studies (BUN or creatinine levels) and/or hepatic function studies (ALP level) may
be ordered to rule out organ impairment and prevent potential toxicity or complications
resulting from decreased excretion and/or metabolism.
CNS Stimulants - CORRECT ANSWER-CNS stimulant Drug Types:
-Amphetamine
-Methylphenidate
-mines
*black box warning
Side effects:
-dependency and tolerance
- tachycardia
-palpitations
-HTN
-Arrhythmias
-hyperactivity
-irritability
-weight loss/anorexia
Contraindications:
-severe arteriosclerosis
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
LATEST 100% GUARANTEED
PASS
-sedation
-amnesia
-*RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION*
Adverse Effects:
-headache
-drowsiness
-dizziness, lethargy
-vertigo (balance related)
-significant fall hazard in older adults
Toxicity: confusion, somnolence, coma
Contraindications:
-pts with acute Narrow angle glaucoma should not take it (increase intraocular pressure)
-don't combine with other CNS depressants
-Rifampin (decreases its effects)
,-no grapefruit (increase serum concentration of the med)
-herbs that inhibit CYP3a4 (Kava, valerian)
-don't consume with alcohol (alcohol is a depressant and can increase effects)
-don't combine with opioids (morphine)
-don't combine with other muscle relaxants (cyclobenzaprine)
Nurse considerations:
-Do not discontinue abruptly (can cause rebound insomnia)
-supposed to be short term use
ANTIDOTE: flumazenil (short acting so will require multiple doses)
Centrally Acting Muscle relaxants
DRUG TYPES/MOA - CORRECT ANSWER-DRUG Types:
-baclofen (lioresal) centrally acting (CNS)
-cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) centrally acting
-Carisoprodol (popular when combined with a benzo and opioid its called the "Holy Trinity'"--
which produces a heroin like effect)**
Uses: Spasticity
Contraindications:
-use of all muscle relaxants in pts who have shown a hypersensitivity reaction to them or have a
compromised pulmonary function, active liver (hepatic) disease, or impaired myocardial (heart)
function
Baclofen (Lioresal)
,CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT - CORRECT ANSWER-Indication:
-used to treat chronic spastic muscular conditions
ROUTE: PO, titrated
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANT - CORRECT ANSWER-Indication:
-commonly used to reduce spasms after musculoskeletal injuries
-common for patients to have marked sedation from its use
ROUTE: PO
Nursing Process before admin of:
-CNS depressants (-pine)
-muscle relaxants
-barbituate
-orexin receptor antagonists
-MISC drugs (hypnotics) - CORRECT ANSWER-Assessment:
-perform assessment on complaints of insomnia with attention to the onset, duration,
frequency
-concerns voiced by pt or others about sleep disorders
-energy level with awakening
-vital signs (BP both sitting up and supine)
-Pulse, rate rhythm
-respiratory
-Awake alertness and orientation levels
, -use of alcohol, smokinh, herbs
-loss/ gried
-drugs that may interact with Benzos
-In addition, before initiating drug therapy with the benzodiazepines and other sedative-
hypnotic drugs, including barbiturates, the prescriber may order blood studies, such as CBC.
Renal function studies (BUN or creatinine levels) and/or hepatic function studies (ALP level) may
be ordered to rule out organ impairment and prevent potential toxicity or complications
resulting from decreased excretion and/or metabolism.
CNS Stimulants - CORRECT ANSWER-CNS stimulant Drug Types:
-Amphetamine
-Methylphenidate
-mines
*black box warning
Side effects:
-dependency and tolerance
- tachycardia
-palpitations
-HTN
-Arrhythmias
-hyperactivity
-irritability
-weight loss/anorexia
Contraindications:
-severe arteriosclerosis
