FLS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% PASS GRADE A+
2026 UPDATE
Describe a monopolar energy route? - answer--electrode > tissue > patient > return pad
Describe a bipolar energy route? - answer--electrode > tissue > electrode
--> electrodes shaped like forceps
Three modes of monopolar devices? - answer--cut
-coagulation
-blending
Describe the mechanism of monopolar cutting? - answer--heats tissue quickly >
converts water to steam > causes cells to explode
Describe the mechanism of monopolar coagulation? - answer--rapid surface heating
What is current diversion and when does it occur? - answer--when current passes
through unintentional tissue following the path of least resistance
What precautions should surgeons take when utilizing laparoscopy? - answer--inspect
insulation carefully
-use lowest possible power setting
-use lowest voltage waveform possible
-use brief intermittent activation vs. prolonged activation
-do not active unless in close proximity to target tissue
-do not activate in close proximity to another instrument
-use bipolar instrumentation when possible
,What is capacitative coupling? - answer--the transfer of energy within an electrical
network or between distant networks by means of displacement current between
circuit nodes, induced by the electric field
What is direct coupling? - answer--the the transfer of electrical energy by means of
physical contact via a conductive medium (such as between two instruments)
When is a narrow return circuit formed? - answer--when a monopolar instrument comes
into contact with a ligated tissue
Bipolar instruments can seal vessels up to what diameter? - answer--7 mm
Hazards of using bipolar instruments? - answer--inadvertent thermal injury
-inadvertent cutting of patent before adequate sealing
-improper device function if metal is contained within the jaws
The harmonic is an example of what type of device? - answer--piezoelectric transducer
The use of all plastic or all metal trocars can avoid which problem during
electrosurgery? - answer--capacitative coupling
Surgeons should have their arms how many degrees away from their body? - answer--30
degrees
Elbows should be flexed between...? - answer--60 to 120 degrees
Consideration for patients on steroids or immunosuppressive drugs? - answer--may
need stress dosing
,When should warfarin be discontinued before surgery? - answer--three days
Any proof that NSAIDs need to be discontinued before surgery? - answer--no
ASA class one? - answer--no disturbance
ASA class two? - answer--mild to moderate systemic disease
ASA class three? - answer--severe systemic disease
What patients may not be suitable for LSC surgery? - answer--ASA 4 and 5
How long should trocars be in obsese patients? - answer--greater than 100 mm
Approaches to minimizing complications during entry in thin patients? - answer--
elevating abdominal wall
-place veress near costal margin
-use hassan open approach or direct entry
Absolute contraindications to laparoscopy? - answer--hypovolemic shock
-lack of training
-lack of institutional support
-can't tolerate laparotomy
Relative contraindications to laparoscopy? - answer--inability to tolerate general
anesthesia
-long-standing peritonitis
-large abdominal or pelvic mass
-massive incarcerated ventral and inguinal hernias
, -severe cardiopulmonary disease
Contraindications to LSC cholecystectomy? - answer--gallbladder cancer
-portal HTN
-cirrhosis
-acute cholecystitis
-mirizzi syndrome
Contraindications to LSC colon resection? - answer--large fixed mass
-dense pelvic adhesions
-massive bowel dilation
-T4 tumors
Contraindications to LSC appendectomy? - answer--phlegmon
-large abscess
Contraindications to emergency LSC? - answer--longstanding peritonitis
-hemodynamic instability
-massive bowel dilation
Contraindications to pelvic LSC? - answer--large fixed mass
-inability to tolerate trendelenberg
Contraindications to LSC foregut procedures? - answer--previous gastric operation
-hepato-splenomegaly
Contraindications to LSC anti-reflux surgery? - answer--esophageal shortening
-epithelial dysplasia
VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% PASS GRADE A+
2026 UPDATE
Describe a monopolar energy route? - answer--electrode > tissue > patient > return pad
Describe a bipolar energy route? - answer--electrode > tissue > electrode
--> electrodes shaped like forceps
Three modes of monopolar devices? - answer--cut
-coagulation
-blending
Describe the mechanism of monopolar cutting? - answer--heats tissue quickly >
converts water to steam > causes cells to explode
Describe the mechanism of monopolar coagulation? - answer--rapid surface heating
What is current diversion and when does it occur? - answer--when current passes
through unintentional tissue following the path of least resistance
What precautions should surgeons take when utilizing laparoscopy? - answer--inspect
insulation carefully
-use lowest possible power setting
-use lowest voltage waveform possible
-use brief intermittent activation vs. prolonged activation
-do not active unless in close proximity to target tissue
-do not activate in close proximity to another instrument
-use bipolar instrumentation when possible
,What is capacitative coupling? - answer--the transfer of energy within an electrical
network or between distant networks by means of displacement current between
circuit nodes, induced by the electric field
What is direct coupling? - answer--the the transfer of electrical energy by means of
physical contact via a conductive medium (such as between two instruments)
When is a narrow return circuit formed? - answer--when a monopolar instrument comes
into contact with a ligated tissue
Bipolar instruments can seal vessels up to what diameter? - answer--7 mm
Hazards of using bipolar instruments? - answer--inadvertent thermal injury
-inadvertent cutting of patent before adequate sealing
-improper device function if metal is contained within the jaws
The harmonic is an example of what type of device? - answer--piezoelectric transducer
The use of all plastic or all metal trocars can avoid which problem during
electrosurgery? - answer--capacitative coupling
Surgeons should have their arms how many degrees away from their body? - answer--30
degrees
Elbows should be flexed between...? - answer--60 to 120 degrees
Consideration for patients on steroids or immunosuppressive drugs? - answer--may
need stress dosing
,When should warfarin be discontinued before surgery? - answer--three days
Any proof that NSAIDs need to be discontinued before surgery? - answer--no
ASA class one? - answer--no disturbance
ASA class two? - answer--mild to moderate systemic disease
ASA class three? - answer--severe systemic disease
What patients may not be suitable for LSC surgery? - answer--ASA 4 and 5
How long should trocars be in obsese patients? - answer--greater than 100 mm
Approaches to minimizing complications during entry in thin patients? - answer--
elevating abdominal wall
-place veress near costal margin
-use hassan open approach or direct entry
Absolute contraindications to laparoscopy? - answer--hypovolemic shock
-lack of training
-lack of institutional support
-can't tolerate laparotomy
Relative contraindications to laparoscopy? - answer--inability to tolerate general
anesthesia
-long-standing peritonitis
-large abdominal or pelvic mass
-massive incarcerated ventral and inguinal hernias
, -severe cardiopulmonary disease
Contraindications to LSC cholecystectomy? - answer--gallbladder cancer
-portal HTN
-cirrhosis
-acute cholecystitis
-mirizzi syndrome
Contraindications to LSC colon resection? - answer--large fixed mass
-dense pelvic adhesions
-massive bowel dilation
-T4 tumors
Contraindications to LSC appendectomy? - answer--phlegmon
-large abscess
Contraindications to emergency LSC? - answer--longstanding peritonitis
-hemodynamic instability
-massive bowel dilation
Contraindications to pelvic LSC? - answer--large fixed mass
-inability to tolerate trendelenberg
Contraindications to LSC foregut procedures? - answer--previous gastric operation
-hepato-splenomegaly
Contraindications to LSC anti-reflux surgery? - answer--esophageal shortening
-epithelial dysplasia
